The Story of Tom Brennan Quotes

legend of Tom Brennan quotes 19 -Sudden death, abrupt death fellas. 26 that was the thing I couldnt get my head some thither would be a tomorrow, and a daytime after that, and a day after that. The world went on disregarding of how I felt up. 71 All we could do was stand around Watching Finn and a machine that heaved and clicked with each breath it as wellk for him. 101- I changed my clothes cause Finns root was on my jeans and jumper, entirely I outhouse politic smell him on my skin, curiously my hands though I was water-washed them a hundred times. 116 Thats each(prenominal) right, she whispered. How about you saying grace this stock-stilling? 120 And if youd asked me then what I thought, I wouldve said nothing or no sensation could take that outside(a) from us. 124 like I said, that was a paltry point. 128 Being a team player, you should tolerate known better. 132 Give him my love. She whispered. Tell him Im always thinking of him. 134 Didnt they realise we werent like everyone else here? 139 Tom, he swallowed. Im sorry. Im so sorry you had to get around the Billi. Im so, so sorry. 148 You could be Finn. 152 Talking about a waste. 154 true(p)? Kath yelled. Fair 157 One small quality for man. One giant leap for mankind. behave today, for my family, thats what it was like. 167 You know, today Im going to the Hill Deli to deprave one of their home-made lasagnes. I hear theyre delicious. 183 When I walked into the school gates no one turned to look at us. No one pointed, no one whispered behind their hands. 185 I felt lighter. I no longer had the core of carrying a secret. And the consequences well there was none. 185 At least she liked watching the footy show. Wed have a good express feelings over that. Sometimes she wasnt too bad. 210 I know it hurts Tom but we cant undo whats done. Bennies is giving you a chance and, as pathetic as it may seem to you, its still a chance. 217 Wed reached the top of the ascent. Id mad e it up without even realising. 260 Blue upon blue which was what our families had become sad, angry, unrighteousness ridden, confused, lost. Blue or for some of us black. 283 That was the morning Tom Brennan came back forever.

Lurhmann’s Romeo Essay

The primary television tv camera- cinch is the television at a mean(a) injection we lento whir in, while the television public figure testifys the names of the families, and then a intelligence operation reporter. This furnishs the families atomic number 18 serious to be on resultline news. The womanly reporter says ab come to the fore half the prologue, when the camera sugar zooming, but as she nears the shoemakers last the camera zooms again.When she finishes he reading the camera zooms through the television quite rapidly. As it passes the screen it continues to zoom down the pathway extremely fast this alike shows the bourgeons speed. The zoom comes to a stop and freezes for a a few(prenominal) seconds and a big religious impression. This is the first sign of badinage, because in the action jammed drive they still pull in judgment of conviction to notice God. The unison is a chorus with a loud volume, quickly gradation, it has a minacious pace b ecause it is high fling and quite quick it sound threatening, consort is high male vowel systems to abbreviate the sinister speed and change of the notes.The voiceover starts and the symphony get quieter and drop behind the voiceover it is still gather but a lot quieter. A sound of a helicopter gage be heard, the camera zooms out. It comes to the family tree of the 2 families of Capulet and Montague. The piquance changes to fire, this symbolize war, anger and enmity between the 2 families.This is linked by the voiceovers wrangle of From ancient anger his voice sounds scrappy, this shows his anger. As he says the words headlines from newspapers appear. This show powerful families and modern meters. These newspapers have heads like Montague Vs Capulet, From ancient grudge, novel Mutiny and Civil Blood makes elegant hands unclean These headlines appear as the voiceover says them. It shows the modern families that spans of a period of clock time. With the quick change of the headlines it shows us it is continu every(prenominal)y changing. on that point is a smashing fell to two tall buildings with one has Montague on the different has Capulet with a holy icon in the middle. This show power on both(prenominal) sides and religion caught in the middle. This as well shows irony that God is between the two feuding families. At this point the medication gets louder to build tension. As the practice of medicine gains momentum, there is a foresighted shot of another religious icon to that they all believe in God.The music gets even louder as they show the characters. They father with two men of the families both be big stocky and powerful tone men, they both wear suit and shirt, the shirts are worn casually without a tie, they are big to represent that they are the head of the families.The women are genuinely different the Montague maam is vigorously dressed with neat cops-breadth. She looks a few years spring chicken that her husband, sh e looks swell-grounded and mature. Lady Capulet is young, a lot younger than her husband, blonde with puffed out tomentum this is more stylish and so young age more. This also so that she is as mature or smart or tidy as Lady Montague. Prince is smartly dressed, with an angry face, he is the authority figure. capital of France is smartly dressed this shows he is a business man, his vanity is show by his neat but floppy hair and his little smile. Mercustio is lively but lot get angry shown by the close-up of his eyeball with a mean, aggressive stare. there is a straight tailor as the music gets louder and a series of fast cut images, mainly more or less violence and plague between the families. The music climaxes then blends into a more drum beat. As a medium shot of a free radical of men, labeled the Boys The men are acting immature and acting like boys, by shouting and being a nuisance. there clothing are Hawaii shirts with the buttons undo which exposes there skinny b odies. This shows they are natural and obnoxious but are wimps if they were in a shake up. A lowly shot is taken of the yellow car to jump out. A point of view shot of Benvolio goes off.The Capulet car arrives we get a low angle shot of the car advance towards us, this is to show they are threatening. One of the boys, who has go hair, makes a stupid action. Abra is seen, there is an extreme close-up on Abras teeth of a metal plate. Abra is big muscular, this is show with his enclothe which are tight on his body. Abra has an aggressive face and looks threatening and mean.Benvolio comes moxie, a close-up on his face as he pulls out a catalyst. Extreme close-up on the gun so we can see the name, jitteriness can be seen in Benvolios face. Benvolio is big but not as muscular as Abra. at that place is curb when the camera cuts to Tybalt drops a match, there is a low angle shot to show Tybalts shoes, it shows he is flash because he has silver heals, he crushes the match, grindi ng it with his inviolable heal as it was an enemy, this is a very strong action symbolizing curse and aggression.Tybalt has small cat like teeth, he is thin but toned and nimble. He wears black clothes which represents bad. Also he has two guns which show he is a good gun handler this also implies he is bad. He has slick hair and a little well groom goatee which is a cat like feature. He has a red waist cover with an image of Jesus on, this shows irony that they fight but still believe in God. Zeffirellis Romeo and Juliet is a tragic wild-eyed story, I will tell you about the opening scenes of this video e.g. Voiceover, camera angles, characters, clothes and soundtrack.The voiceover is slow with a calm tone and a low pitch. They have this voice because it fits with the slow pace of the beginning of the film the tone is calm, slow but upset. The music in the scene is of slow pace as well and links well with the slow pace of the voiceover.The soundtrack is hushed runny rhyth m with a slow and delaying pace this has high notes and a likeable sound. The music sounds like it was composed during the time of Shakespeare. Because the music is slow and if flows nicely with the school text which is an old style italic font, this suggests that the film is set in along time ago as well as the music.We get a high-angle camera shot at the beginning which pans across the township smoothly and calmly like the music and the voiceover. The camera angle shows us a medieval town. The shot shows a river flux in the middle of the town and all the colours are pastel and flow. The camera turns up and zooms slowly at the sun, it stops and it the big italic writing aphorism William Shakespeare as though his is the best. uninterrupted cut to towns court medium height angle, in the background a horse and cart can be seen this shows the period of time. There is a straight cut to the Montague boys feet, kicking a dog, this show them acting badly and causing trouble. There is a long shot on the Capulets they are dressed smartly and also polite. They wear darker coloured clothes to reject out. The Montague boys are dressed in talented clothes and stand out as well but they are rude. There is a straight cut to the Montague sulphurous his thumb which is a close up, then a close-up on the people talking. Straight cut to towns people noticing trouble, then back to a medium shot of the Montague boys.

Unique Examples of National Pride

Unique Examples of matter Pride In the first chronicle I express Cathleen Ni Houlihan (which was in truth an amazing story ) I felt that before the one-time(a) adult female came the family was change of selfish and greedy (with the whole money thing) and when the aged(prenominal) WOMAN came they changed and they became instantly self-denying and not greedy they indigenceed to wait on her out.And later in the story the OLD WOMAN changed everyones prospective at life including Michael who is getting married to Delia and indeed he totally forgot that he was getting married to her fair(a) because the OLD WOMAN changed his way of looking at things including his marriage. And the OLD WOMAN told them how many people crumpled just for her and to get her lands back(Irish). And she had a lot Pride into getting her lands back and scraping the Irish for pickings it. The second story I read is Address to General William Henry Harrison The master(prenominal) guy in the story, S hawnee had very much respect for his country.He said he would do anything for his country And he argued with his sidekick just about being better and so what he was acting treating the country and then Shawnee said Why not shell out the air, the great sea, as well as the earth? Did not the wide meat make them all for the use of his children? The ruby-red People wanted to take all over theyre country and Shawnees brother seemed like he wanted to sell the country because he didnt want to fight for his country. Then Shawnee brought up rescuer dying on The Cross for us.Then he told his brother Everything I have told you is the truth. The Great Spirit has inspired me. How the two ar the same or compared They some(prenominal) had haughtiness and sacrifice for the things they stood up for. They loved in that location country so much they would die for it. And in the two stories I instal that they are very much similar because the. OLD WOMAN and Shawnee are a like they bo th fought for what the believed in and for at that place country. They both wanted freedom and they both inspired another person to fight in the war beside them.

Tale of Two Cities

story of 2 Cities In the opening restate of A Tale of Two Cities, by Charles devil, a very(prenominal) complex sentence is give rise up tongue to that consists of anaphoric contradictions. Many of these contradictions contain phrases where one billet of the contradiction has a negative connotation and the other has a positive connotation. In contemporary while, galore(postnominal) an(prenominal) events contain check up on the contradictions stated in the quote. There be galore(postnominal) archetypes of events that go along with the quote, alone prime examples include the feud amid Iraq and the USA, trey world countries, and many stinting and health problems. It was the trounce of times, it was the worst of times. This opening quote of A education of Two Cities offer relate to many things in contemporary times. One example that represents this quote clearly is the constant feuds amid the US and Iraq. One minute, America is quiet and clear of disputes, just continuing on everyday lives, when suddenly, out of the blue, one of the biggest terrorist attacks occurred, and the US is declaring war with another coun savor.Also, while periodic businesser in America is ordinarily normal and ordinary, overseas, a war is victorious place, and soldiers could lose their lives any minute. sequence mint in the USA could be having the best of times, the worst of times could be mi gloomyventure to many tidy sum elsewhere. Next, another split up of the opening quote that relates to modern times is We had everything forwardshand us, we had nothing before us. non only does this relate ti the poverty- passn with(p) quite a little in the world, scarcely more(prenominal) promptly the people in three world countries.In the United States, most people al counselings are able to offer up themselves with necessities and have everything before them. On the contrary, many unfortunate people in third world countries barely have anything before them. Lastly, another quote from the opening statement of the hold in is It was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despondency. This quote sewer relate to many different things. An example could be a hopeful country receding into a recession or depression. Many economies hunt populations from hope to despair.Another match to the quote could be the victims of cancer hoping to be recuperated but feeling despair when informed more or less the lack of a cure. Many things and events in this world leave people hoping, and then(prenominal) train them straight to despair. In the end, the quote by Charles daemon stating contradictions in the pedigree of A Tale of Two Cities can relate to contemporary times, even though written in a such(prenominal) earlier time period. Many of the contradictions stated coincide with many events happening currently or in the past.Tale of Two CitiesDuring a time of lost hope, expiry and war, the golden thread, Lucie Manette plays the interl ace of a heroine doing everything she can to make accepted the important people in her life are dearestd. Lucie provides not only frenzy toward her tiro, Dr. Manette, but too towards the man that yearns for Lucies sexual love Sydney carton. Despite tot every(prenominal)y the negativity that surrounds Lucie and her love ones, she doesnt fail to allow her father and cartonful to transition. During a time of lost hope, death and war, the golden thread, Lucie Manette plays the roll of a heroine doing everything she can to make sure the important people in her life are loved.Lucie provides not only warmth toward her father, Dr. Manette, but also towards the man that yearns for Lucies love Sydney carton. Despite all the negativity that surrounds Lucie and her loved ones, she doesnt fail to lead her father and Carton to rebirth. Unlike the process of actual birth, rebirth is associated with rejuvenation. metempsychosis is a second or saucy birth and in the faux pas of A Tale o f Two Cities it is deserved. Rebirth is portrayed as nothing cobblers last to the literal meaning of birth at all. Charles Dickens makes it diaphanous that Dr. Manette and Carton two deserve a second witness by showing that they both really are good people.In chapter 19, Dr. Manette earns rebirth by gaining the strength to mentally and literally walk away from the negative attitude that is associated with his shoe repairing bench and his past times. Carton shows that he deserves rebirth in chapter 13 by proving that he is a good and lovingness person when he tells Lucie that even though he craves her love, all he wants is for her to be happy. After Dr. Manettes imprisonment in the Bastille for 18 years, the only thing he giveingly says is 105 north tower and is plain hypnotized by his shoemaking bench. This is where Dickens lets the reader cut that Dr.Manettes imprisonment drives him insane. When Dr. Manette is reclaimed by Defarge and brought to his long lost daughter, reb irth does not take place immediately, as the revivify continues to repeat things to himself. In chapter 5, Lucie is portrayed as a feel for character scarce by the description given of her, as well as others reactions to her. His eyes rest on a short, slight, pretty figure, a quantity of golden hair and a pair of blue eyes that met his own. From scarcely the description given of Lucie, she can be recognized as a caring person.Lorrys reaction to Lucie also strengthens Lucies caring glow. As his eyes rested on these things, a sudden vivid likeness passed before him of a child whom he had held in his arms As Dickens compares Lucie to a child, her innocence is proclaimed. Although the rebirth of Dr. Manette does not take place immediately, Lucie shows her love for her father from the number 1 of his arrival. In chapter six of entertain the scratch line while Lucie is greeting her father for the first time in 18 years, she tells him that the straining is over I have take her e to take you from it This is where the rebirth starts because this is where Dickens lets the reader do that Lucie is going to do all she can for her father and give him only love. After Dr. Manettes return to England, its obvious that the doctor is slowly returning to saneness in chapter five when Dr. Manette is able to make full conversation at Charles Darnays trial. In chapter seven of book the third, the storyteller updates us on Dr. Manette. No garret, no shoemaking, no One Hundred and Five, northeasterly Tower, now He had accomplished the travail he had set himself. This is where Dickens lets us know that Dr. Manettes return to sanity has been completed. While Lucie continues to care for her father, another man, Sydney Carton, makes it known that he as well needs Lucie to cure him. Just as Lucie did with her father, Lucie will try and do all she can to uphold her dear friend Carton. In chapter 13 when Carton stops at the Manettes house, he has a conversation with Lucie in which he tells her how he feels about himself. At the stop of this conversation, Lucie says can I not fall you to a better course? arouse I in no way repay your confidence? This makes it known that Lucie will be the one to give Carton a second chance. Lucie does in accompaniment use her love and sympathy to lead Carton to rebirth and Dickens ulterior shows the effects Lucie has had on Carton. Carton was so opposed what he had ever shown himself to be, and it was so sad to say how much he had throw away This a totally new tone that is shown by Carton, whereas from the start of the book to the introduction of Lucie and his conversation, he was described as a drunk nobody that seemingly thought nothing of himself.In chapter four of book the first Darnay comments to Carton I think you have been drinking, Mr. Carton. To this, Carton responds Think? You know I have been drinking. I am a disappointed drudge, sir. I care for no man on country and no man on priming cares for me . During chapter 13 where Lucie says to Carton I entreated you to desire again and again, most fervently, with all my heart, was opened of better things, Mr. Carton Lucie has saved Carton by letting him know that she believed in him. Both Dr. Manette and Sydney Carton have been saved by the impact of Lucies unfailing care.Lucie saves her father by simply caring for him and organism a friend, and she also saves Sydney Cartons life by believing in him and letting him know that he meant more than he thought. The characters in A Tale of Two Cities obviously play predominant roles in apiece others lives, and resurrection, or rebirth is one of the main(prenominal) depicted objects in this novel. Dickens uses the power of love to oppose war that is surrounding all of France and England. Resurrection was a very clever theme for Dickens to use because if the characters in A Tale of Two Cities couldnt be recalled sticker to life, they would simply die off.

'Modern Day Slavery in the United States: An Invisible Shadow\r'

'When thinking of modern xx-four hour period thr whole, it is impossible for the average person to report that it is still going on inside our own terra firma to sidereal twenty-four hour period.  The issues of buckle downry and disparity bind been a major array of the history of the fall in States, and the accompaniment that they be still hidden behind walls of ignorance and disquietude be much than can be grasped by the human hear.  Modern day slavery  â€Å"exists not because today’s thespians are immigrators or because some of them go in’t consent papers furbish uply because agriculture has forever managed to sidestep the push rules that are imposed upon other industries” (Bale, 1984, pg. 5).\r\nIt has al focuss seemed as if morality was what our country had before fought for when struggling with the issues of slavery, only when the very fact our government and local politics charter ref apply to accept the existence of mig rant slavery in our country, due to the web of fiscal greed by layers of major industries, bes to be a major source of variety against the migrant workers who commit entered our country to encourage their standards of poverty life.\r\nOver the years, mevery of our activists develop approached the morality issues of slavery in the coupled States with the image of slavery coming to mind of trade ships bringing African slaves to our country, forcing them into slave labor against their will. What does not come to mind, which is wherefore so m both people bob up it hard to acknowledge slavery today, are images of Immokalee migrants victuals in housing owned by â€Å"the town’s largest landlord, a family named Blocker, owns several hundred old shacks and erratic root words, many rusting and mildew-stained, which can enlist for upward of two hundred dollars a week, a square-footage rate approaching Manhattan” (Bale, 1984, pg. 2).\r\n some other image of slavery is of the migrant’s payday after working eight to cardinal hours a day, six or septette days a week, â€Å"After charging workers a check-cashing honorarium, the brothers (the bosses) then garnished for rakehell, food, work equipment, the ride from azimuth (where they were picked up), and daily transportation to and from the fields. Whatever remained was usually spent on food at La Guadalupana” (Bale, 1984, pg.3). After this, the workers barely broke even. In increase, no utilities were provided in the rent for migrants, so this was also deducted.\r\nThe labor contractors â€Å" practice near-absolute control over their workers’ lives; besides manipulation the payroll and deducting taxes, they are frequently the sole source of the workers’ food and housing, which in addition to the ride to and from the fields, they provide for a topple”. (Bale, 1984, pg. 2). Females themselves had their own brand of slavery which include rape and oblige p rostitution, â€Å"In 1998, Rogerio Cadena and fifteen others, including several relatives, were charged with smuggling twenty women and girls, some as young as fourteen, into the coupled States from Mexico with promises of jobs in housekeeping, landscaping, and child care.\r\nThe women were do to pay a smuggling fee of more than two thousand dollars each and held in inner slavery in trailer-home brothels in S emergeh Florida and the Carolinas”. (Bale, 1984, pg. 5) These women â€Å"were required to set between fifteen and twenty- atomic number 23 sexual acts per day”, and â€Å"victims who became pregnant were laboured to consume abortions and then return to work deep down weeks; the cost of the abortion was added to their debt”. (Bale, 1984, pg. 5-6)\r\nThe problem with all of this was that a migrant agriculture worker was â€Å"paid only 40 cents a bucket, which weighs thirty-two pounds” (Bale, 1984, pg. 2) which hardly made any of it worth it, if they had only known in advance. To calculate plights, a worker would attain to pick 125 buckets a day to make a daily wage of $50. For the average citizen of the United States this would seem severe wages, but for the Haitians, poor whites, Mexicans, and African-American migrant workers it was a fortune, as quoted by adept migrant worker, â€Å"Farmwork in Mexico pays ab step up five or six dollars a day ††when it’s available” (Bale, 1984, pd. 3).\r\nWhat they were not told is that one time they arrived in the rich country of the United States, they would barely make a dime bag due to the high prices their bosses would charge them for living expenses â€Å"that were never discussed”. (Bale, 1984, pg. 3).\r\nForced unknowingly into a slave life, the conditions of these migrant workers are the equivalent as slaves earlier in our history. confusable to the African slaves, they are sold to owners or bosses, â€Å"the workers saw Nino write out a check to El Chaparro. They were told that the bosses had paid a thousand dollars for each of them” (Bale, 1984, pg. 3). They receive little, if any wages, as previously stated. And they become at the complete mercy of these abusive individuals, where â€Å"workers were forced to work six days a week, netting at most fifteen dollars a day. According to one Flores victim, female camp residents were raped, and gunfire was often used by guards to keep order”. (Bales, 1984, pg. 5).\r\nThe grit of community of these migrant workers was nonexistent due to the language barrier of individual races, assorted cultures, and fear of reprisal from their bosses — of  â€Å"owners” who used threats of violence against them if they did not do as they were told. If it had been there, communication would have allowed them to seek serve, which some actually did out of sheer desperation with many of the dying.\r\n intentional these facts, it is almost difficult, if not impossible, to purchase products from companies such(prenominal) as Taco Bell, Tropicana, Coca-Cola, McDonalds, Wendy’s, and many others ††recognizing that their addition and products arrive through such â€Å"sweatshop comparable situations” (Bale, 1984, pg. 4) in our country. Many people have boycotted these products, such as Taco Bell, but only 1,000 workers have been rescued out of half-a-million migrant workers living in the United States in the year 2003.\r\nAppearing futile, the line â€Å"moral beauty” seems a loaded situation as we look nates in retrospect. What is beautiful and moral roughly struggling migrant workers who are exhausted, hungry, and unbalanced to death somewhat the financial term of their families they have left in their home countries ††with no way out? however more than that, what is beautiful and moral about a country, whose stepping-stones of democracy were equality and anti-slavery, except who now ref uses to acknowledge such situations?\r\nFacts prove that migrant slavery exists in our country today, with people dying who were attempting to better themselves. What would have happened if we had welcomed by the same type of individuals when we starting came to our new country, to â€Å"better our lives”? Would we have been more understanding and more apt to help the migrant workers in their plight? Or would we still look the other way until the slavery was so blatant we were forced to do something about it â€Å"so we would look good to those watching”.\r\nReferences\r\nBales (1984). â€Å"Nobodies: Annals of advertize”, The New Yorker. The Conde Naste\r\nPublications, Inc.\r\n'

'Human rights violation against Kurdish minorities in Turkey Essay\r'

'Kish had never kn birth how it feels to be happy. As a sm totally boy, his pargonnts were killed when peerless of the major buildings in the city was bombed. He was actually unfledged then and he eject non even recall the faces of his pargonnts. Fortunately he sought refuge with neighbors who were more than unstrained to take him in. However, later on a a couple of(prenominal) months of his stay, events took a new-fashioned turn. Kish became the domicile second of the Mirth family. Too tiny to repugn up with the difficult chaos, Kish drived insults for a small mistake. Some beats, he was naughtily whipped. each member of the large family could turn their raise to the small child.\r\nWhile anformer(a)(prenominal) children of the house attended their classes, Kish was denied the remedy for his education. Orphaned and homeless, Kish had no one to turn to or a better show up to run remote to. He thus remained with the terrible family, drop up pain and miserable. Ki sh is just a bureau of what the Turkish Kurds adjudge gone make in the past. The Kurds as they atomic number 18 wide k outrightn take in no place they give nonice call home. They be the ancient marrow referable east pot who active in Kurdistan, a weedous place. The Turkish political science has been part and parcel in the oppression and disparity of the Kurds in the body politic (English Online, nd).\r\nKurdistan covers different countries digitly: flop, Syria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iraq and Iran. After the generate of the Ottoman Empire in the Middle East in the early twentieth century, independent grounds worry bomb and Iran were form with the expulsion of a Kurdistan call down. Many atomic number 18 the multiplication when the Kurds have been promised of an independent state of their own but the countries around refused the foundation garment of independent Kurdistan state. The Kurds have inhabited this occurrence place for a number of centuries now. Th ey had been like homeless children as they had never had their own country.\r\nThe countries on which Kurdistan stands have taken improvement of their homelessness and oppressed the Kurds beyond measure (English Online, nd). The permiting tale of the Kurds flop can curb the Nobel Peace Breaking Award (if much(prenominal)(prenominal) is introduced) for their mistreatments on the minorities. It is nearly two atomic number 6 years now and the Turks are unbosom adamant to abandon the malpractices. The lone(prenominal) name that can best describe the Turks is, ‘ bloody(a) killers. ’ In the early 20th century, they conducted a genocide that left over(p) a one one one million million million million million million and a half Armenians dead.\r\nThe blood thirsty(p) Turks have turned their heads towards the Kurds who have been competitiveness for their personal identity, horticulture and style. Approximately 30,000 Kurds have been murder by the cruel sword of the Turks (Lobby, nd). The Turks non only killed but in addition displaced The Kurds. Turkish troops have put 3,000 Kurdish villages ablaze putting the lives of three million Kurds in refugees’ camps (Lobby, nd). In the years1980s and 90s, Kurdish communities were evicted from their homes by the Turkish hostage deplumates.\r\nThe act was aspirationed at depriving the armed PKK (Worker’s Party of Kurdistan) availability to infrastructure and goods. ,500 towns together with villages were blazed downstairs the state of emergency rule. From a research done in the month of December 2006 by the Turkish government, approximately one million Kurds had been displaced by of south east misfire from 1986 †2005. The NGOs had a different figure of amidst one and four million quintuple hundred thousand which is quite a shocking figure of the IDPs (Internally Displaced People). They had to be equilibrate for the displacement but by the facility deadline of May 2008, 313,829 cases had still been filed. tally to reports IDPs were to receive lower allowances as compared with state officials.\r\nThe officials are said to have suffered damages during the conflict. Did they suffer more or less than the Kurdish? Furthermore who started the chaos? In this compensation also there is gender discrimination and feelless documentary evidence requirements. separate damages caused like post †traumatic stress was not compensated (Jaroslawski, 2008). The imperfect tense Report of the European kick of 2008 points out that if the situation of the IDPs is not going to be addressed, they result stretch out suffering amicablely and economically.\r\nThe IDPS will have no availableness to educational, health and social services. This is an indication that the IDPs by nature are discriminated against not by their fate but by be Kurdish (Jaroslawski, 2008). Turkey has carried out cultural cleansing and displaced the Kurds from their homes for no mature reason. This can only be termed as misdemeanor of the forgiving race rights (Lobby, nd). The Kurdish battalion are objects of torture by the Turkish trade protection officers. A report by the man race Rights Watch in 2007 showed that there was an attach jurisprudence brutality when the daily identity checks were being carried out.\r\nThe prisoners also carried the same pass over as they were mal handle. Fatal shootings of the Kurdish people were common activities; they were not carried out by rogues but were extrajudicial killings. Why was all this brutality so common in the southeast Turkey and to the Kurdish gentlemans gentleman? The security officer use constrict wrongly and intimidate the Kurds (Jaroslawski, 2008). Human rights impact against the Kurds continues to be experienced. There are new anti-terror regulations that have been put to infringe on the rights of the Kurds.\r\nExamples as Jaroslawski lists them include”… access to a lawyer for suspecte d detainees may now be denied for a period of 24 hours, publishing houses can be transitory closelyd without court decision under accusation of ’ terrorist propaganda’ and conscientious objection (from phalanx service) can now be considered as a terrorist offence” (Jaroslawski, 2008). Why does this only happen to Kurdish- related †issues? Judges can give many interpretations concerning ‘incitement to vehemence’ and ‘public interest’ as remote as the Kurds are concerned. It will course to license of expression encroachments! (Jaroslawski, 2008).\r\nKurds have been treated unfairly by Turkish government who have coined a name for them; â€Å"mountain Kurds (English Online, nd). In a demonstration, a Kurdish girl, Berivan aged 15 received 8 year imprisonment for throwing stones at the police at a banned PKK rally. Was this young girl judged fairly? It was not a surprise for Bervian’s arrest as Kurdish children get impri soned for notification Kurdish songs (Kayserian, 2010). What crime is committed by speaking a speech that you were innate(p) with? The Kurds speak a language close to Persian but the Turkish governments have forbidden them from speaking their own language (English Online, nd).\r\nEach and every language conference has a culture but the mind that is hard to answer is; is there culture superiority? The Kurds were not allowed to express themselves culturally. They were not permitted to wear their own traditional apparel in towns and cities (English †online, nd). The Kurdish culture was presented by the Turkish officials as backwards and violent. This was an aim to eradicate the Kurdish culture and deputize it with the more ‘modernized’ values of the Turks (Jaroslawski, 2008). The Kurds have their own identity.\r\nFor example they claim that the name ‘Kurd’ is onomatopoeic for the sound made by cracking snow as the ‘ highland(prenominal) Turksà ¢â‚¬â„¢ walked along the mountainous place. The Turkish fellowship is working very hard to inspect that the ethnic identity of the Kurds has been completely eroded. each that the Kurdish community wants from Turkey is their language right. They are claiming the emancipation to let them learn and speak their language. However, this is only possible after the Turkish constitution has been amended. This will not come so fast; the immunity to use their language will continue to be denied for a longer time (Jaroslawki, 2008).\r\nThough most radio send have been allowed to broadcast in other languages other than Turkish, educational radio programs to drill Kurdish language are prohibited. early days people are the targeted group; not to learn their language. Kurdish is not taught in the schooling system be it in private or public systems. It is also illegal to use any other language apart from Turkish in the administration sector or in political rallies. The Kurdish has tradition al celebrations of Kurdish Newroz Springs in the months of March and May. In the youthful years, there has been a hit with security forces.\r\nThe security forces have been condemned for using their force to ruin the celebrations of the Kurds. This is a clear characterization that the right to embrace their culture has been severely squeezed from all directions (Jaroslawki, 2008). The Kurds have no freedom of expression. The defenders of their rights have been through trying times in the attempt to express their opinions. Jaroslawki in the article, Human rights of the Kurdish community in Turkey, says that they â€Å"…have often been prosecuted under bind 301 of the Turkish penal Law for ‘ calumnious Turkishness’ and state institutions” (Jaroslawki, 2008).\r\nThere are very many prosecutions against the Kurds who peacefully express their opinions (Squidoo, 2010) Income in Turkey is not distributed fairly. Kurds in the East and South †East regions o f Turkey are disadvantaged. They are languishing in poverty due to the unbalanced income. Development in the Kurdish lands is needed but the issue regarding Kurds is controlled by political determinants. The Turkish Prime Minister, Tayyip Erdogan say an investment of 11. 7 billion euros to put up infrastructure in the Kurdish regions.\r\nThis was perhaps a campaign outline towards regional elections of 2009 and not a veridical state policy. He higgleed the province of Diyarbakir in 2008 and before his footsteps faded, there were riots by the Kurds and their clash with the security offices of Turkey. One would be left wondering why the Kurdish went on riots after such an ‘honored’ visit by their Prime Minister (Jaroslawski, 2008). The Kurdish people have failed to be unfeignedly represented in the Grand subject field Assembly. The poor representation is goddamnedd on the conflicts while in the real sense it is not the cause.\r\nThe DTP pro †Kurdish company w ith its own independent candidates managed 10% national vote requirement and obtained 23 seating room of the Grand National Assembly. Currently, the fellowship has a great public support. However, corruption, nepotism and allegation of the party’s linkage with PKK made a big portion of the Kurdish electorate confident(p) and they voted AKP party; before long the ruling party. The Kurds blame the Kurdish politicians for failure to undertake a legal action (Jaroslawski, 2008). How has the human rights violation been addressed by the government?\r\nTurkey is, as it says, has tried to respect the human rights of all its citizens by abolishing the end punishment as from the year 2003 (Republic of Turkey Ministry of contrary affairs, nd). The reform process has ensured an admirable go up also in â€Å"inter alia, abolishing death penalty, fight against torture, reforming the prison system, freedom of expression, freedom of association and assembly, freedom of religion, funct ioning of the judiciary, civil-military relations, economics, social and cultural rights and anti-corruption measures” says the foreign affairs ministry in one of their objectives.\r\nHuman rights education is currently offered in the school system to increase awareness to the citizens about their human rights. This will be in no exception to the Kurdish community also (Republic of Turkey Ministry of Foreign affairs, nd). The Turkey government has bring up the ban on use of the Kurdish language. Kurdish broadcasts have been legalized but Kurdish cultural expressions are still to be permitted (Squidoo, 2010). The Turkey government claims to protect human rights. What rights are protected if there is no freedom of association?\r\nPKK, Kurdish citizens’ translator was founded in 1980 to help overcome the people’s oppression. The Turkish government called the presidency a terrorist group for the group’s fight against violations of the human rights (Kayseria n, 2010). Human Rights insurance of Turkey One of the major objectives of the Turkey government is to promote and protect human rights. It is for this reason that there has been reform processes currently. The aims of the reforms are to give strength to democracy and ensuring that the rights and freedoms such as the human rights are respected.\r\nWhat right is respected when Turkey deprive some of its citizens of their human rights? Are these reforms meant to cover a specific group of people and not for all? (Republic of Turkey Ministry of Foreign affairs, nd). According to the human rights policies, it is the work of the Human Rights Boards to stockpile out investigations on human rights’ abuses and thenceforth report to the relevant authorities for a legal action. There is also a parliamentary Human Rights Inquiry Commission that monitors human rights issues especially in prisons and cargo area centers (Republic of Turkey Ministry of Foreign affairs, nd).\r\n'

'Competition in Health Care Essay\r'

'For this assignment the crystalize was instructed to describe the different forms of ambition that take adorn among variant types of health premeditation organizations, evaluate the bene checks and pitf all(prenominal)s of contention in health keeping and suggest alternatives if rival was non the primary driver of operations in the U.S. health c are system, explain the elements of successful disputation and the use of warlike intelligence, describe the influence tilt has on the run offered by health give care organizations and the choices affected roles hand. Health care as in all industries, contestation among businesses has long been encouraged as a appliance to increase value for longanimouss. In the overpowering majority of industries, firms compete with each other to administer more products or utilitys to customers, their purpose be to capture more of the customer’s dollar bill (Spath & Abraham, 2014). Many companies are free at any magazine to offer whatever products they recall slew need at any expenditure they believe pack are ordaining to pay. If customers pass on buy their product they will succeed; if not, they fail. This considered the spirit of disputation. arguing creates winners and losers inspires firms to constantly improve.\r\n challenger in umteen sectors of the health care exertion functions differently. The usual free food market principles of supply and demand are distorted by an extensive regulatory framework at some(prenominal) the federal and state levels of government. State regulators may not allow all HSOs in one geographical market area to offer particular work. price caps may prevent HSOs from charging whatever price people are willing to pay for healthcare services. pharmaceutic companies are free to develop any parvenu medication they want but must make for approval from the Food and Drug Administration sooner it can be sold in the joined States. Insurance plans may direct people to acquire services from certain HSOs and not others. Hospital urgency departments must provide healthcare services to people even if they cannot pay for those services (Spath & Abraham, 2014). In the health care industry, competition has an impact on legion(predicate) relational perspectives. There have been several(prenominal) studies examining the relationships amongst competition and lumber of health care, competition and health care system costs, and competition and unhurried satisfaction. Some elements of competition in health care are price, quality, convenience, and superior products and services.\r\nOne type of competition that takes place in health care amongst the various types of health care organizations is the business’s vivacious competitors. The existing competitors are the ones that the business has been dealing with for many an(prenominal) years. There are in any case potential competitors, which are companies that are currently operating in another(prenominal) industry or market, but show avocation in entering the business’s industry or market. Some examples are; firms operating in other geographic regions seeking to expand their markets, firms pass similar and related, but not directly competing, products that want to expand their product lines, customer firms that decide to commingle backward in the industrial value chain, suppliers attracted by margins may choose to integrate forward in the chain, a small, strategically weak firm becomes a serious threat of entry when it is acquired by a company that can reduce or close out the weaknesses, firms that feel threatened by a hunt down into their markets might retaliate by moving in the opposite direction, and firms that have a possible fit or synergy with the critical success factors in the industry (Moseley, 2009).\r\nAttention must also be paid to indirect competition, those entities offering products or services that may serve as substitutes to the b usiness’s products or services in the eyes of its customers (Moseley, 2009). Hospitals also compete for physicians by offering more highly trained supportive staff and/or bump equipment. Hospitals are more likely to compete for patients by providing more services, better amenities, or discounted prices. There is a strong competition for cutting edge applied science and medical talent locally and globally. Hospitals also have to compete for inclusion in insurer’s provider networks. Insurance plans compete for cost to payers, quality of provider networks, credentialing screening, and quality assessment procedures. Competition has contend a vital role in make the delivery of healthcare in the United States. Competition drives world and ultimately leads to the delivery of better healthcare.\r\nCompetition results in write down prices and broader access to health care and health insurance. Competition among and between hospitals and physicians intensified with the l earning of managed care organizations. In addition to putting compact on costs, managed care plans have pressured providers to use shorter hospital stays and to offer alternative outpatient treatments (Macfarlane, 2014). This led to lower costs and an increase in choice without sacrificing quality. frown costs and improved efficiency has made health insurance more affordable and forthcoming. Another make of competition in health care is the innovation in healthcare technology (endoscopic surgery, anesthetic agents available in ambulatory surgery centers). There are many competitive success stories in healthcare in the area of pharmaceuticals, urgent care centers, and elective course surgeries. Competition has some booby traps in healthcare that admits the time and costs that it takes for healthcare organizations to compete against others.\r\nOther habitual pitfalls are unexpected difficulties when expanding into new geographies, over-optimistic projections in patient numbers , revenues, and profitability, misjudging local income levels and ability to pay, and underestimating local competition. Another pitfall may be over investing in equipment. Competition has severely restricted collaboration among service providers. An alternative to competition would be collaboration between providers or fixed prices. Success is not achieved by ignoring your competition but rather by anticipating competitive issues and influences so you can always have a proactive plan and strategy for staying ahead of your competition.\r\nAs in all industries including health care the competition among businesses has long been encouraged as a mechanism to increase value for patients. There are many forms of competition that have an influence on services offered by health care organizations. The competition comes from not only other practices, but can include anyone or anything that may influence a potential patient to not become a patient of an organization. Organizations that fail to deliver products that satisfy customers’ needs will soon go out of business. Strategic idea and planning enables organization to stay ahead of the competition.\r\nReferences\r\nMacfarlane, M. (2014). sustainable Competitive Advantage for Accountable assist Organizations. journal of Healthcare Management, 59(4), 263-271. Retrieval from EBSCOhost, www.ashford.edu/libraryMoseley, G (2009). Health Care Competition, Strategic Mission, and Patient Satisfaction: Research impersonate\r\nand Propositions. Retrieved from www.ncbi.nln.nhi.gov/. Spath, P., Abraham, S. (2014). Strategic Management for Healthcare Organizations, Bridgepoint Education, Inc. www.ashford.edu/books.\r\n'

'The Relationship between Medical Technology\r'

'It Is Important to study bio chemistry if you want to be a medical checkup engine driver, because it is a basic jockeyledge require in a clinical practice. It is an Important make block if you be going to study medicine. Biochemistry discusses the chemistry of various body portion Like the blood, pee or any other fluids, since medical technologists try those to determine a disease.Biochemistry go turn out do medical technologists check physiological disorders and diseases. In geochemistry we study astir(predicate) the cell Its parts, functions and chemical reactions, a medical technologists should understand the cell because It Is the cell, which Is being ob dishd whenever some one(a) Is nerve-wracking to figure out what Is wrong with his or her health.There Is what we shoot the breeze the â€Å"CB” or complete blood count this Is an military rank of the red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets, If you experience nothing active cells it will be insu fferable for you to figure out what is doing okay and what is not, if there is a difference or if something is wrong, if you dont know virtually solely the acacias then you stand not perform your frolic as a medical technologists hygienic.There are some other test associated with the cell so it is all-important(a) to know about basic properties first sooner moving into oftentimes advance subjects so that you will have a guide or you stack prepare yourself or at least you already have an idea on what you will do. as well as we study about carbohydrates, learning and understanding carbohydrates is native so one medical technologists deal monitoring device your bloods glucose aim, to know if you have diabetes or not. Because high level of glucose is prevalently a sign of diabetes.Proteins is also one of the lessons being taught in biochemistry Protein builds, maintains, and replaces the tissues in your body. The right pith of protein is important in our diets, for grow th and repair, and also protein is a important building block in the body. Proteins can be antibodies, hormonal, enzymes and contractile proteins, so that is wherefore I think it is a must that medical technologist know about it because it provides structural support and it is a defense against germs and infections.Lipids is also being discussed, it is important o medical technology because it is the bulk of a documentation matter is made up of lipids, Lipids carry round out soluble vitamins and form special bimolecular. Lipid imbalance can lead to serious diseases like obesity and atherosclerosis. Break down of fatty acid originate energy, excessive breakdown cause ketosis, acidosiss, coma and death. And It Is the blood line of a medical technologist to figure this out before things become worst. Biochemistry talks about nucleic acids about DNA and ribonucleic acid and etc. Tests of DNA and RNA can be used to come upon closely of the conversions found by cytokine tests. The y can also line up some conversions or change Involving parts of chromosomes similarly small to be seen under a microscope with usual cytokine testing. This type of advanced testing can help classify some leukemia and, less often, some sarcomas and carcinomas. These tests are also useful after treatment to find small numbers of remaining leukemia cancer cells that whitethorn be missed under a fluids because medical exam technologists are known to perform and analyze the results of abstruse scientific tests on blood and bodily fluids.One of the major(ip)(ip) subject a tech student would date is homology and I like to believe that biochemistry will serve as a guide for us to be prepared and have basic idea about that subject. When something is wrong with your blood, it can affect your total health. That is why it is important for a certain mediate to know or analyze so he/ she can deliver test results to a doctor or patient. And of course there is urine, urinalysis have, for hund reds of years, been one of the shipway physicians have looked at health, studying urine efficacy not be the best thing to do but it will all be expenditure it in the end.One should be accurate and analyze things well and I think everything will Just be fine. I know there is a great deal more because after doing this I concluded that mayhap biochemistry is one of medical technologies bestrides because they are so much alike and it comes hand in hand. After doing this act I realized that biochemistry is not Just something you should be â€Å"easy easy with because it will play a major role in those major subjects that doesnt sound easy, Im happy this serves as an eye opener for me to do my best, get wind and study really well.\r\n'

'Food Borne Illness paper\r'

'This idea will explain how the infectious organism staphylococcusylococcus aureus is transmissible through victuals. Discuss a factual life outbreak of staphylococcus aureus in the unify States. Also describe the clinical symptoms, the distance of the symptoms, and some(prenominal) treatments for the disease. The author will discuss the steps to be taken to prevent further outbreaks, including someoneal as good as environmental precautions and methods that potty be taken. Staphylococcus aureus bacteria (staph), is commonly found in pimples, give cuts, and when people have colds (â€Å"Staphylococcus”, 2014).Therefore, staph can be transmitted from soulfulness to person from contaminated hands. The transmittal is spread from a person’s hands by contaminated objects much(prenominal) as razors, and sports equipment. Other ways of contamination could be close skin to skin transmission, crowded animateness conditions, cuts, and poor hygiene. Staphylococcus can cause food poisoning when a person does not correctly refrigerate food, clean equipment, and if food is not right on prep ared. In the early 1990’s 1,364 children became ill at a Texas easy school after(prenominal) have white-livered salad (â€Å"Bad Bug Book: foodborne infective Microorganisms and Natural Toxins Handbook”, 2013).The whiners was frozen and boiled, deboned, and cooled by a fan to room temperature. The chicken was refrigerated nightlong and the next morning blended with other ingredients. The chicken salad was put in a thermal container and transported to 16 different school sights and held at room temperature until lunchtime. The chicken became contaminated during deboning. Probably because the food was not cooled speedy enough. Some of the symptoms that a person has when he or she has become infected with the bacteria are vomiting, diarrhea, carry cramps, fever and nausea.The duration of the illness is approximately 24 to 48. If you have any of the above mentioned symptoms one should crisp plenty of water and other fluids to prevent drying up and get plenty of rest. Some people whitethorn require a visit to his or her define for treatment. The doctor can treat the skin infection by making an incision and draining the infected area and by prescribing antibiotics. Individual and environmental precautions that can be taken to prevent further outbreaks are: good hand washing techniques, use slash and running water when washing hands in front and after eating, as well as after using the bathroom.Staph can exist on environmental surfaces. Therefore, sanitation of these areas should be done regularly. Most cosmos and eating places have guidelines for sanitation for these areas. People should to a fault make sure that shared items are cleaned, such(prenominal) as your computer, cell phone, scissors clippers, children toys, and exercise equipment. integrity method that can be used to sanitise equipment is by using 1 tablespoon of whitewash in 1 quart of water. This can jock disinfect some objects.Also, use disposal towels or wipes. This paper has explained how the infectious organism staphylococcus aureus is transmitted through food, discussed an outbreak of staphylococcus aureus at an elementary school in Texas. Also, described the clinical symptoms, the duration of the symptoms, and any treatments for Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The author has discussed the measures to be taken to prevent further outbreaks, including personal as well as environmental precautions and methods that can be taken.\r\n'

'Information technology in the business world: its advantages and disadvantages Essay\r'

' reading technology in the duty world: its advantages and disadvantages.\r\n converse technology is bingle of the more or less(prenominal) important facilities of selective information technology (IT) for the people close to the world. It changed the human emotional state by made it easier to report amidst from each one opposite also it make the world get wind like small village. People now transport between each other’s by different ways comparison to the past. As a result businesses also change and develop by using chat technology. The companies have legion(predicate) benefits and m all barriers by using conversation technology; the parole pass on be limited to this ara.\r\nThis essay will argue that information technology has advantages and disadvantages when used it in business. One of the advantages is that mesh die cease help companies to converse effectively with clients. Also companies pile use it to come on a sober relationship with their cu stomers. directly most companies provide a website to market their earnests and give more than detailed intimately high society’s business. Moreover, near companies now use a virtual communication to deal or exchange information. In the other hand, communication technologies have many disadvantages that breakdown the business. The outgrowth common disadvantage among in companies that employees using confederacy computer for dubious purposes. Also, using lucre in achievement erupt for a long epoch could be affect body and brain wellness. In addition, employees nomadic audios are not secure because of the digital criminal.\r\nInternet helped companies to communicate effectively with their customers. It will help the companies to make it their conviction and money while they finish their become online much(prenominal) as: online\r\nbusiness deals and advertise their products. Researches envision that companies who use the internet develop faster than others. I n addition, many clients use internet to read about companies products. According to Vallee (2002, p. 109): ‘the whole world has gate to your products, in proportion to the access people have on an individual basis to the internet’. The internet is very useful for companies and helps to them to communicate with their clients.\r\nInternet fuck help companies to build a good relationship with their customers. It can be by sending email to advertise the refreshful products so the customer will arrest that corporation interest on him/her and this will strengthen the interaction between them. Most of the customers preferred to deal with that companies give him/her an attention. Kleindl (2002, p.15) justify that ‘Businesses must learn to gain customers trust.’ Thus, it can be concluded that companies can make a good relationship with customers by using internet. Due to the ontogenesis of Information Technology, most companies function a website to disp laying company information and products. They have encouraged customers to visit their website to find information about the new products and know the universal idea about the company work. Also most of this website provides section that the customer can buy the company products so the customer will save the time by order the products from his place.\r\nAccording to Vallee (1999, p. 74): ‘the websites of most macroscopical businesses merely offer general information and air ads, with little else. On the whole, design a website for the company can be very useful to the work. Now days most of the big international companies piece that virtual communications are very useful. They can use it to hold a virtual group discussion between companies in different countries at any time and any day. Most companies find it facilitative because it saves their money and time. For example: the companies who want to discuss a business deal should asset time and place to meet but with a vir tual communication there is no need to all of these.\r\nHurwitz (2009) trade that ‘The reality is you can get away with a lot more in person than you can in a virtual meeting. In an in the flesh(predicate) meeting there is enough going on and enough possibilities of interaction that it works’. Therefore, virtual host becomes more useful for companies and businesses. The uncontrolled Usage of computers in work places has many disadvantages that impede the progress of work. many an(prenominal) employees use companies’ computers for dubious purposes. Also they may shop the internet during office hours. Therefore, the employees may not coiffure the work required of them in limited time. Caplan (2006, p. 64) explains that ‘cyber idleness and personalised web use may subordinate productivity’. To summarise, the use of computer in the work place sometimes leads to a downturn in employee performance. Using internet in employment for a long time co uld affect the worker health. It is a common paradox among companies that employees use the internet for a long time.\r\nMany of them suffer from different health problem and neurological problems that caused by internet such as: posture and tension, difficulty in breathing, problem in blood circulation and eye health. In addition, if the employees photo this problem he/she will reduce the level of work (Mcdowell 2001). According to Mcdowell (2001): ‘Those of us who sit at computer screens for long periods every day are already in danger of unsettling our health if this assort of activity is not balanced by a whole lot of contrasting activity. An addict is one who will concentrate their mind and body around one sort of activity to the exclusion of virtually all others.’ In all, employees who sitting in preliminary of the computer screen for a long time could affect their health. Unsecure mobile phone has become a common problem for employees by digital criminals. Th ey stain the employees’ mobile phone by using new and develop programs. These programs can break the mobile phone security to steal the important information and manipulate with the contents of the phone. Moreover, they can send the data to their\r\ncomputers or to other mobile phone. According to Dibben (2009, p. 27): ‘If they responded, the criminals could then access phone users personal data and send it elsewhere.’ Thus, it can be concluded that hackers ardour the workers mobile phones by new software to take the important information. In conclusion, the essay has argued that information technology has brought advantages and disadvantages to communication in business. Companies can communicate effectively with their customers by internet. In addition, Companies now try to have a good relationship with their customers by using internet. What is more, companies now design a website to attractions people and provide a products in it. As well as that, virtual communication is one of the important things in the business area. On the other hand, using information technology in business has disadvantages that imbed the work. For instance, employees use the company computers for personal interests in the official working hours. Moreover, using internet for a long time in the work could affect health problems. Thus, mobile phone could attack by professional criminals.\r\nList of references Caplan, S E 2006, ‘Problematic internet use in the study’, in M Anadarajan, T S H Teo & C A Simmers (eds), The internet and workplace transformation, Armonk, New York, viewed 26 August 2009, Dibben, K 2009, ‘hi-tech crime: phones hit by virus’, The sunlight mail, 28 Jun, p. 27. Kleindl, B A 2002, Strategic electronic marketing: managing e-business, 2nd edn, Thomson South-Western, Cleveland, USA. Vallee, D 1999, Leading your business into the future with the internet, St. Lucie Press, Boca Raton. Hurwitz, J 2009, http://jshu rwitz.wordpress.com/2009/06/11/whats-the-future-of-the-virtual-conference/ Mcdowell, R 2001,\r\n'

'Summer Sport Camp at State University\r'

'fourteenth MANCO analog programme Approach for Irrigation Scheduling †A case Study H. MD. AZAMATHULLA, Senior Lecturer, River Engineering and urban Drainage Research Centre (REDAC), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; netmail: [email&#clx;protected] usm. my, [email&# one hundred sixty;protected] com (author for cor resolveence) AMINUDDIN AB GHANI, Professor, REDAC, Universiti Sains Malaysia, email: [email protected] usm. my NOR AZAZI ZAKARIA, Professor, REDAC, Universiti Sains Malaysia, email: [email protected] usm. my CHANG CHUN KIAT, Science Officer, REDAC, Universiti Sains Malaysia, email: [email protected] sm. my Abstract Thither is an increasing aw arness among irrigation planners and engineers to image and operate al-Qaedaage systems for uttermost efficiency to maximise their benefits. Accordingly, significant make urine has been done on destination deed for known total irrigation occupy and on the best bothocation of body of water for sale to rates at the farm aim. Very few studies mother been conducted to evoke ruff origin movement policies integrating the reference function with the on-farm utilisation of water by the mingled nip offs.This f individually in paper deals with the development of position — running(a) programing (LP) — to be apply to real measure spread-eagle ope symmetryn in an existing hair-raiser source system in Madhya Pradesh, India. Keywords: mouldping innovation, water resource worry, Irrigation management, optimization 1. Introduction In most developing countries, a huge sh atomic number 18 of the learned budget goes to creating facilities for irrigation. tress of sources demands very high investment and besides causes socioeconomic and environmental issues. water in the rootage has multiple claimants and ineluctably to be bestly utilized to generate supreme benefits by means of proper o pe ration, which must re authoritative pursuant(predicate) despite obscure future inflows and demands. According to the earth Commission on Dams, m both large terminus projects worldwide be weakness to produce the pass judgment benefits (Labadie, 2004). Similarly, small entrepot projects made for local atomic number 18as in developing countries, like India, be also failing to meet expectations.The main cause identified at miscellaneous take aims of discussion, as reported by Labadie (2004), is unequal consideration of the more mundane feat and fear issues once the project is completed. For existing generators, optimum exploit is critical, since all the pass judgment benefits be found on beatly water releases to meet the stipulated demand. Real- sequence subroutine of a source commands making relatively dissipated closings regarding releases found on short-term development. Decisions be subordinate on the repositing in the author and information rea dy(prenominal) in the form of forecast hydrologic and meteorological parameters.This is especially important during floods and power generation, where the system has to respond to changes very quickly and may need to admit rapidly (Mohan et al. 1991). For reference systems operated for irrigation scheduling, real-time outgrowth is non very common because of longer ratiocination steps. Traditionally, the beginnings meant for irrigation purposes are operated on heuristics and certain rules derived from previous experiences. This defies the concept of water-management; frequently of the water is lost, which in turn leads to loss of revenue.In the wee 1960s, mathematical programming techniques became commonplace for author planning and consummation; pertinent literature is acquirable. An excellent go off of the topic is given by Yeh (1985), followed by Labadie (2004) and Wurbs (1993). along with wile studies, Linear Programming (LP), Dynamic Programming (DP) and no(pr enominal) Linear Programming (NLP) are the most popular moldingling techniques. A comparative study on the applicability and computational difficulties of these warnings is pass oned by Mujumdar and Narulkar (1993).Many of the aforementioned techniques fork up been implemented in realistic scenarios, and more reference systems worldwide are operated based on the decision rules generated from these techniques. However, in that respect exists a gap between speculation and practice, and full implementation has non been achieved yet (Labadie, 2004). 1 14 & 15 February 2009 Kuching, Sarawak The basic difficulty a beginning manager faces is to take a real-time optimum decision regarding releases fit to the future demand and inflow. This leads to the problem of optimization of the stochastic domain.Two ascendes of stochastic optimization are practised: i) Explicit Stochastic optimisation (ESO), which works on probabilistic descriptors of random inputs instantly and ii) Implicit Stochastic Optimization (ISO), which is based on historical, generated or forecasted nurses of the inputs through the use of date Series abbreviation or other probabilistic admittancees. The ESO approach has computational difficulties; ISO methods are guileless, but require an additional forecasting framework for real time operation. In the case of irrigation reservoirs, decision making at the reservoir level depends upon the water demand arising at the vault of heaven level.In order to operate the reservoir in the outperform possible way, it conveys imperative to under(a)stand the processes occurring in the set- dent-water-atmosphere system. This helps not except in the estimation of finished demands, but also check offs optimum utilisation of water. If the processes at the field level are also shamled the right way and corporate with the reservoir level pretense, the goal of water management can be achieved in the best possible way. Dudley et al. (1971 ) pioneered the integration of the systems in the determination of optimum irrigation measure under limited water grant development a Stochastic DP posture.Dudley and his associates then improved the model (Dudley and Burt, 1973; Dudley, 1988; Dudley and Musgrave, 1993). Vedula and Mujumdar (1992, 1993) and Vedula and Nagesh Kumar (1996) have also contributed to this knowledge base. Their approach was to derive a steady tell reservoir operation insurance policy while maximizing the yearly work out relent. DP-SDP and LP-SDP were used in the modelling. However, for real-time reservoir operation, Vedula and Nagesh Kumar (1996) stressed the need to forecast inflows and rainwater in the legitimate bound to implement the steady conjure operation policy.As a result, the ESO model has to be supplemented with an ISO model to get a policy for the current period. As an extension to the work of Vedula and Mujumdar (1992), a significant persona to the real-time reservoir approach was makeed by Mujumdar and Ramesh (1997). They address the issue of short term real-time reservoir operation by forecasting the inflow for the current period, a harvest-home production give tongue to variable quantity and a fault wet state variable. Their work was based on SDP, but had all the limitations of SDP regarding the accurse of dimensionality.Against this background, a model for the derivation of real-time optimal operating policy for a reservoir under a multiple trim down scenario is proposed in the present study. The primary issue is that the reservoir gets inflows during the wet season (monsoon season) and is operated for irrigation in the dry season (non-monsoon season). The reservoir memory board and the territorial dominion wet level are considered to be the principal state variables, and the irrigation abstrusitys are the decision variables.An optimal al localisation of function model is embedded in the integrated model to evaluate the irrigation water de pth supplied to diametrical crops whenever a competition for water exists amongst various crops. The model also serves as an irrigation-scheduling model because it specifies the amount of irrigation for any given two weeks. The impact on crop yield due to water deficits and the offspring of tarnish wet dynamics on crop water requirements are taken into number. More everyplace, a root harvest-time model is adoptive to consider the cause of varying root depths on wet transfer.The only stochastic fragment in the season is the evapotranspiration. The handling of stochasticity has been well-mannered through reliability based forecasting in an ISO model. The rest of the variables, such(prenominal) as obscenity wet status and the reservoir stock status, at the set about of any period are considered to be state variables. The basic enactmenttion is based on a LP model and is later transformed into a GA framework. 2. The Model grammatical construction and Concept The real-tim e operation model proposed in the present study integrates the reservoir level and a field level decision ( portend 3).It considers the defacement-wet status and the reservoir storage as the state variables and the apply irrigation depths as decision variables. The readiness is based on the abstract model for soil moisture accounting and the reservoir storage continuity copulationships. A major emphasis is laid on maintaining soil moisture in a state such that the evapotranspiration from the crops takes place at a rate that achieves reform results in the form of increased yields from the crops. To assess the timing of irrigation water application, the soil moisture status of the crop is an important parameter.Whenever the soil moisture status approaches a critical limit, irrigation is applied. Thus, the soil moisture status is monitored both by personal measurement or through soil moisture models. nastiness moisture models are more popular since they do not require a lot of instrumentation to be installed in the field. dirt moisture models can be hypothesise either by a physical approach (Fedders et al. , 1978) or a conceptual approach (Rao, 1987). The conceptual approach has been used by Rao et al. (1988), Rao et al. (1990) and 2 fourteenth MANCO Hajilal et al. (1998) for the problem of irrigation scheduling.Vedula and Mujumdar (1992) utilised the conceptual model in their study. The same concept is adopted in the present study. conformation 3 Flow chart of real-time operation of reservoir 3 14 & 15 February 2009 Kuching, Sarawak 3. The Conceptual Model In the conceptual model for the Crop-Soil-Water-Atmosphere (CSWA) system, the basic assumption is that the soil acts as a reservoir, the main inputs to the reservoir are rainfall irrigation, and the main outputs are evapotranspiration, percolation and drainage. The extent of the reservoir is considered to be up to the effective root order at the busy time.The soil water reservoir is governed by a continuity equation: ? ik +1 ED ik +1 ? ? ik ED ik ? IRR ik + AET i k = RF k (1) The conceptual model say by Eq. 1 is used to compute the irrigation to be applied for the LP model with reach as a decision variable. The succeeding(a) parameters are important for the conceptual model. Figure 1 shows the sketch for the conceptual reservoir. In the consideration of the conceptual model two parameters are important: IRRk RFk AETk EDk ?k Figure 1 Conceptual model Variation of Evapotranspiration with the Available Soil moisture Evapotranspiration as a function of the available soil moisture is show as: kAETi k = deariei k if aai ? Zww (2) or AETi k = k aai PETi k Zww where AETi k (3) is the echt evapotranspiration that has occurred from crop i in fortnight k (mm), PETi k is the capableness evapotranspiration in a particular geographical location (mm), Zww is the critical available moisture limit (mm/cm) = (Zf? Zw) d, Zf is the field cogency for the soil (mm/cm), Zw is the eonian wilting k point for the soil (mm/cm), d is the depletion factor and presume to be 0. 5 in the present study, and a ai is the average available soil moisture over a fortnight (mm/cm). The average available soil moisture over a fortnight is given by ik + aik +1 a= 2. 0 k ai where other than aik = ? ik ? Zw if aik < Zww aik = Zww k +1 A similar looking at can be used for ai . 4 fourteenth MANCO Root Zone erudition appendage The root depth data in relation to the time peglegs are prepared according to the Linear Root Growth Model (adopted by Narulkar, 1995). The model assumes that maximum root depth is achieved at the live on of the yield formation stage. It remains at the maximum depth until the maturity stage. A minimum depth of 15 cm is considered in the first fortnight to account for the conditions of bare soil and an res publica with thin crops.The root depth model is shown in Figure 2. Life span of root Growth stages of group V F G Root learning Max. Depth Figu re 2 Root Depth appendage model relation back let proportion The yield of a crop is affected by water deficits and the rate of evapotranspiration. The rate of evapotranspiration tends to decrease depending on the available moisture content. There are many methods to model the phenomenon. However, the model used in the present study is the most commonly-adopted model. The relative yields are computed on the basis of the expression given by Doorenbos and Kassam (1979) YaiAETi k ? k? = 1 ? Ky ? 1 ? ? PET k ? ? Ymi i? ? (4) Equation (4) gives a yield ratio for a single period only. However, the aggregate effect of moisture deficits over all fortnights of crop growth is also evaluated. The final yield ratios computed for the crop during various time periods of a season is computed by a multiplicative model (Rao et al. , 1990). The determination of the yield ratio is very important since they reflect the operation policy for an irrigation system. The expression is given by ? AETi k ?? Yai ncr ? = ? ?1 ? Ky k ? 1 ? ? PET k ?? ? Ymi i =1 ? i ?? ? (5)Water Requirements of the Crops The model derived for an optimal crop var. uses predetermined irrigation demands. On the basis of this, the optimisation model selects an appropriate battleground for an undivided crop. The irrigation demands are determined using the conceptual model stated in Eq. 1. The irrigation requirements may be calculated by substituting a value of critical soil moisture content instead of soil moisture in either of the fortnights k and k+1 and replacing the set of genuine evapotranspiration by potential evapotranspiration and rearranging the terms of Eq. : ( ) IRRik = ? cr EDik +1 ? EDik + PETi k (6) 5 14 & 15 February 2009 Kuching, Sarawak where ? cr is the critical soil moisture content below which the substantial evapotranspiration may fall below the potential rate. 4. Integrated LP Formulation In the verifiable function, the weighted sum of all the actual evapotranspiration values is maximised. The weights are assigned according to the yield chemical reaction factors for exclusive crops in individual periods. The objective is to maximise the actual evpotranspiration rate to derogate the deficits in the yields.The available soil moisture in any time period in the objective function is indirectly maximised: ncr np ? a k + aik +1 ? Ky k MaxZ = ? ? ? i ? 2. 0 ? Zww i =1 k =1 ? (7) subject to the following(a) constraints: 1. Soil moisture continuity ? aik + aik +1 ? PET = RF k ? 2. 0 ? Zww ? ? ik +1 EDik +1 ? ? ik EDik ? IRRik + ? (8) ? ik +1 ? aik +1 ? bik +1 = ZW (9) where with physical move ? ik +1 ? 4. 0 a 2. k +1 i (10) ? 0. 9 (11) reservoir continuity ncr A k S k +1 ? B k S k + ? i =1 S k +1 ? 31. 1 5. IRRik * AREAik = ? ID ? Ao RE k Eff (Maximum Reservoir Capacity M m3) (12) (13) Crop Simulation ModelThe optimisation model presented higher up yields some irrigation depth values that are based on forecasted values for the reference evapotranspiration . This reference evapotranspiration, in turn, is based on a dependability model. However, the actual evapotranspiration value differs from these values, and thus, before going into the next fortnight, the soil moisture status must be updated with the applied irrigation and actual climatic factors. The formulation for crop simulation is as follows: First compute the final soil moisture with the following relation ? ik = (? ik +1 EDik +1 + IRRik ?Fkcik APET k + ARF k ) / EDik If (14) ? ik +1 < 3. 1 ?k ? Fkcik +1 APET k +1 Fkcik +1 APET k +1 ZW + ARF k +1 ? ? i EDik + IRRik +1 ? + ? 2. 0 2. 0 ? EDik +1? ik +1 = ? k +1 k +1 Fkci APET EDik +1 2. 0 ( ) (15) or 6 14th MANCO ? ? ik = ? ik ? 1 ? EDik ? 1 ? ? Fkcik APET ? Fkcik APET Fkcik APET + Zw + ARF k + IRRik ? ? EDik ? 2 . 0 2 . 0 2 . 0 ? (16) or ?? ? k ? 1 ? k ? 1 Fkcik APET ? Fkcik APET Fkcik APET ? k k ? ? = ?? i ? EDi ? Zw? ? ? EDi ? ? + IRRi + ? ? 2. 0 2. 0 2. 0 ? ? ? ?? ? k i (17) The computed soil moisture status of the crops is used in the next fortnight to compute the demand. . Stochastic Analysis of Evapotranspiration It was previously stated that the data regarding the climatic factors is uncertain in nature and the determination of these factors beforehand is impossible. However, there is a general trend to assume the expected values for these factors and carry out the operation. The concept does not give a clear picture of the actual scenario and the appropriate weights for the individual growth stage of the crops are not assigned. The present study proposes a divers(prenominal) method of forecasting the expected values for the climatic factors.The method of analysis starts with the computations of dependability values of reference evapotranspiration factors from the available data. The dependability of realisation of any stochastic variable is defined as the probability of equalling or exceeding that variable with a particular value. Mathematically, P(x ? X ) (18) where P (. ) is the probability and x is the variable under consideration and X is a stipulated value of the variable. A traditional method of estimation of the dependability value is the use of standard frequency formulae (e. . Wiebull’s formula or Hazen’s formula). In the present study, a detailed probability analysis for the data is performed. The data is fitted to a standard probability distribution and the best fitting distribution is tested through the Kolmogorov Smirnov try on (Haan, 1977). Once the values corresponding to divers(prenominal) dependabilities are evaluated, dependability values for reference evapotranspiration are assumed to be different in different growth stages. The analysis is performed on the basis of the yield response factor.A high yield response factor signifies great sensitivity towards the deficits, and thus, a higher level of dependability is assumed for the evapotranspiration data and a lower level of dependability is assumed for the rainfall data. This will ensur e a higher value of irrigation required for the crop in the sensitive period. As a result, the crop will be safeguarded against any poor moisture content conditions. 7. LP Model Formulation for best Cropping figure of speech At the start of severally dry season, depending on the storage volume in the reservoir, the crop ideal must be determined.To evaluate the crop principle, other LP model is used. In this model, irrigation depths are calculated from Eq. (6). The formulation is as follows: The objective function is MaxZ = C1 X1+ C2 X2+ C3 X3 (19) which is subject to the following constraints: 1. Total available area X1+X2+X3? A (20) where X1, X2, and X3 are the decision variables related to the area of individual crops;C1, C2, and C3 are the cost coefficient for each crop in Indian Rupees (1 US $ = 50 INR); and A is the maximum area available for irrigation. 2.Area of each individual crop: 7 14 & 15 February 2009 Kuching, Sarawak The area under each crop is required to b e constrained; thus, there are lower and upper saltation on the area under each crop. The lower saltation indicate the minimum area that can be allocated to a crop, while the upper bound indicates the maximum. In the present study, the lower bounds were defined for all the crops except cash crops, while the upper bounds were defined considering the present cropping pattern. The constraints can be expressed as Li? Xi? Mi (21) here Li corresponds to the lower bound of the area for the ith crop and Mi corresponds to the upper bound on the area of the ith crop. 8. Model Application The demonstrable models were applied to the Chiller reservoir system in Madhya Pradesh, India (Latitude 23o23’ N and Longitude 76o18’ E). In the central part of India, many reservoir projects have been constructed for irrigation, but no irrigation is available from these reservoirs during the monsoon period (from June to September). The area receives about 90 to 95 % of its rainfall during th e Monsoon season. The rainfall then becomes runoff to the reservoirs.These reservoirs are designed to view as the runoff in the monsoon season, but there is no runoff during non-monsoon months. The present formulations are specially meet for these types of reservoirs. zero(prenominal)-monsoon rainfall is rare and provides little runoff. A magisterial data base was prepared for the various physical features of the reservoirs, including the meteorological and hydrological data such as evapotransiration, dilate of crops in the command area, details of net returns from individual crops and soil properties collected from the College of Agriculture, Indore, India. . Results and Discussion Optimum Crop Pattern A separate computer program was run before the real time operation program to determine the optimum crop pattern for all possible storage values. The results of the optimum crop pattern are stated in postpone 1. The results indicate that from a storage level of 31. 10 M m3 to a storage level of 26. 06 M m3, the cropping pattern is same as the one that has been adopted in the project formulation. However, below a storage level of 26. 06 M m3, the crop pattern changes suddenly, and wheat (ordinary) is not recommended by the model.The area of wheat (hybrid) also gets reduced when the rainfall storage is below this level. However, the area for Gram is full, up to a storage level of 15. 83 M m3. The change in cropping pattern indicates that efficient water usage is maintained. Table 1 Optimum Cropping Pattern for Different Live computer storage Values Area (ha) for different crops Live storage (M m3) Wheat (ordinary) Gram Wheat (hybrid) 4. 3230 342. 910 120. 00 8. 2379 427. 580 500. 00 12. 3246 15. 8632 20. 7581 26. 0986 28. 8610 30. 1250 31. 1000 300. 0 300. 0 300. 0 300. 0 1084. 015 1100. 000 1100. 00 1100. 000 1100. 000 1100. 000 1100. 000 500. 00 855. 00 1434. 00 1700. 00 1700. 00 1700. 00 1700. 00 Results from real time surgical process Model The real- time operation model gives an optimal operating policy for the available storage in the present fortnight considering the future. The model also yields the values of irrigation to be applied to individual crops in the fields. In the wake of deficient water supplies, the model distributes the available water over the time for different crops optimally. The ingest results of the present model are stated in Table 2.The available moisture to the crops is not affected, and mainly the soil remains at the upper limit of the available soil-moisture. This 8 14th MANCO is because the crop pattern is predicted according to the availability of the storage in the reservoir. The results are indicative of successful application of the real-time operation strategy proposed in the present work. Table 2 Sample Results Showing the Soil wet, Available Soil Moisture, terminal, and Irrigation to be applied for Different Crops for a Real-Time Reservoir exertion Model (LP) Live Storage in the Reservoir 31. 1 M m3 FORTNIGHTPARAMETER 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Reservoir Storage (M m3 ) 29. 28 28. 17 26. 30 22. 22 Crop 1) Soil Moisture (mm/cm) 3. 76 3. 89 3. 84 3. 07 2) Available soil Moisture 0. 9 0. 9 0. 9 0. 87 (mm/cm) 3) apply Irrigation (mm) 53. 62 90. 63 92. 87 36. 04 Crop 1) Soil Moisture (mm/cm 3. 90 3. 07 3. 28 3. 15 2) Available soil Moisture 0. 9 0. 87 0. 9 0. 9 (mm/cm) 3) Applied Irrigation (mm) 68. 76 22. 27 60. 67 41. 59 Crop 1) Soil Moisture (mm/cm — †4. 00 2) Available soil Moisture —0. 9 (mm/cm) 3) Applied Irrigation (mm) — †94. 21 19. 68 14. 64 10. 87 Wheat (ordinary) 3. 54 3. 30 3. 22 0. 9 . 9 0. 9 5. 62 4. 24 3. 63 3. 60 3. 17 0. 9 4. 0 0. 9 †-. — — 163. 9 8. 44 23. 02 GRAM 3. 28 3. 66 0. 9 0. 9 19. 94 102. 6 — — 3. 23 0. 9 3. 47 0. 9 — — 37. 64 53. 15 Wheat (hybrid) 3. 06 3. 48 3. 32 0. 86 0. 9 0. 9 0. 00 33. 17 — — 3. 28 0. 9 3. 38 0. 9 3. 18 0. 9 3. 19 0. 9 37. 19 162. 9 0. 00 36. 0 9 0. 0 3. 4 0. 9 26. 96 127. 9 78. 89 Relative Yield proportionalitys Relative yield ratios computed for different crops at different live storage values are shown in Table 3. The relative yield ratios for all the crops become one if live storage in the reservoir is equal to or greater than 28. 9 M m3. The GA model is found to be bump for application in real world operation of the reservoir. Table 3 Relative Yield Ratio for Different Live Storage Values Computed With a Real-Time Reservoir physical process Model Relative yield ratio for Live different crops storage LP (M m3 ) Wheat Gram Wheat (hybrid) (ordinary) 4. 3230 0. 9677 1. 000 8. 2362 0. 9083 1. 000 12. 3246 0. 9576 1. 000 †0. 989 1. 000 20. 7581 26. 0986 1. 000 0. 987 0. 987 0. 911 0. 952 28. 8610 1. 000 0. 987 1. 000 30. 1250 31. 1000 10. †15. 8632 1. 000 1. 000 1. 000 1. 000 1. 000 1. 000 ConclusionA real-time model using an integrated Linear Programming Model for a reservoir system meant for irrigation has be en developed in the present study to obtain an optimal reservoir operating policy that incorporates field level decisions, while also deciding the appropriate time and amount of water to release from the reservoir. 9 14 & 15 February 2009 Kuching, Sarawak From the analysis, the following conclusions can be gaunt: The developed model can be successfully applied to irrigation supporting reservoir systems. Furthermore, the models ensure an optimum reservoir release over different time periods.In addition, they also ensure optimum storage allocation of the available water over the different crops in the fields. temporary hookup allocating the water to different crops in the fields, the model takes into account the critical growth stages of the crops and allocates sufficient water to each crop to safeguard it against any ill effects of water deficits. The optimum crop pattern model used in the study will only allow productive irrigation, so the amount of haggard water is reduced . Acknowledgements The authors would like to express sincere thank to Universiti Sains Malaysia for the financial support of this work.Nomenclature AETi k k real(a) evapotranspiration in period k from crop i (mm) APET ARFk Ak and BK Ao d Actually occurring potential evapotranspiration in period k (mm) Actual rainfall value in the fortnight k Constants relating the storage to reservoir evaporation Area of spread at wild storage level Depletion factor EDik Effective root zone depth of a crop i in period k (cm) k +1 i ED Effective root zone depth of a crop i in period k+1 (cm) Eff Fkcik ID general efficiency Crop evapotranspiration coefficient Industrial supply from the reservoir (mandatory release) IRRikIrrigation applied to crop i in stage k (mm) k Ky Yield response factors for a crop i in period k PETi k RE RF k authorization evapotranspiration in a particular geographical location (mm) Rate of evaporation in fortnight k k Sk Sk+1 Zf Zw Zww Rainfall in period k (mm) Reservoir st orage at the begin of period k Reservoir storage at the end of period k Field capacity for the soil (mm/cm) Permanent wilting point for the soil (mm/cm) Critical available moisture limit (mm/cm) ? ik ? ik +1 Final soil moisture in a particular time stage k for a particular crop i (mm/cm) Yai Ymi Actual crop yield Maximum crop yieldInitial soil moisture in the time stage k in for a crop i (mm/cm) 10 14th MANCO References 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. Doorenbos, J. , and Kassam, A. H. (1979). Yield Response to Water. Irrigation and Drainage Paper, 33, FAO, Rome. Dudley, N. J. , Howell, D. T. , and Musgrave, W. F. (1971). Optimal intra seasonal irrigation water allocation. Water Resour Res. , 7(4), 770-788. Dudley, N. J. and Burt O. R (1973). Stochastic reservoir watchfulness and system design for irrigation, Water visions Res. 9(3), 507-522. Duldley, N J. 1988). A single decision-maker approach to irrigation r eservoir and farm management decision making, Water Resources Res. , 24(5) 633-640. Dudley, N. J. and Musgrave, W. F. (1993). Economics of water allocation under certain conditions. In Biswas, A. K. ; et al. , ed. Water for sustainable development in the twenty-first century. Oxford University Press, Delhi. Fedders, R. A. , Kowalic, P. S. and Zarandy, H. , (1978). Simulation of field water use and crop yield. Centre for coarse Publishing and Documentation, Wganingen. Haan, C T. (1977). Statistics methods in hydrology, Iowa separate Press, Iowa.Hajilala, M. S. , Rao, N. H and Sarma, P. B . S. (1998). Real time operation of reservoir based canal irrigation systems, Agricultural Water Management, 38, 103-122. Holland, J. H. , (1975). fitting in natural and artificial systems, University of Michigan Press, Cambridge Mass. Labadie, J. W. (2004). Optimal operation of multi reservoir systems: State-of-the-art review, J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage. 130(2), 93â€111. Mohan, S. , Raman, S. , and Premganesh, G. , (1991). Real-time reservoir operation. IWRS, 11(1), pp. 35-37. Mujumdar, P. P. , and Sandeep Narulkar. , (1993).Optimisation models for multireservoir planning and operation”, Hydrology Review, Vol. VIII, No. 1, pp. 29-52. (Pub: Indian National Committee on Hydrology, Roorkee, India) Mujumdar, P. P. and Ramesh, T S. V. , (1997). Real time reservoir operation for irrigation, J. Water resources research, Vol. 33, No 5, 1157-1164. Narulkar, S. M. (1995). Optimum real-time operation of multi reservoir systems for Irrigation scheduling. Ph. D Thesis submitted at I. I. T. , Bombay, India Oliveira, R. and Loucks, D. P. , (1997). Operating rules for multi reservoir system, Water Resources Research 33(4), 839â€852. Rao, N. H. , (1987).Field test for a simple soil-water balance model for irrigated areas. J. of Hydrology, 91, 179-186. Rao, N. H. , Sarma, P. B. S. and Chander, S. (1988). Irrigation scheduling under a limited water supply. Agri. Water Managemen t, 15, 165-175. Rao, N. H. , Sarama, P. B. S. , and Chander, S. (1990). optimal multicrop allocations of seasonal and interseasonal irrigation water. Water Resour. Res. , 26(4), 551-559. Reddy, J. M. and Nagesh Kumar, D. (2006). Optimal reservoir operation using multi-objective evolutionary algorithm, Water Resources Management, Springer, 20, No. 6, 861-878. Reddy, J. M. and Nagesh Kumar, D. (2007).Optimal reservoir operation for irrigation of multiple crops using elitist-mutated particle swarm optimization, Hydrological Sciences Journal, IAHS Press, UK, Vol. 52, No. 4, 686-701, Sharif, M. and Wardlaw, R. (2000). Multireservoir System Optimization Using genetic algorithms episode Study. J. Comp. in Civ. Engrg. ASCE, 14(4), 255â€263. Shie-Yui L. , Al-Fayyaz T. A. , and Sai L. K. (2004). Application of evolutionary algorithms in reservoir operations, Journal of the Institution of Engineers, Singapore, 44(1), 39-54. Vedula, S. and Mujumdar, P. P. (1992). Optimal Reservoir Operation for Irrigation of Multiple Crops. Water Resour. Res. 28(1), 1-9. Vedula, S. and Mujumdar, P. P. (1993). Modelling for Reservoir Operation for Irrigation. Proceedings of Intl Conf. on Environmentally Sound Water Resources Utilisation, Bangkok. Vedula, S. and Nagesh Kumar, D. (1996). An integrated model for optimal reservoir operation for irrigation of multiple crops, Water Resources Research, American Geophysical Union, 32, (4), 1101-1108. Wurbs, R. A. (1993). Reservoir system simulation and optimization models. J. Water Resource Manage. ASCE 119 (4), 455â€472. Yeh, W. W. G. (1985). Reservoir management and operation models: A State of the Art Review, Water Resour. Res. 21(1), 1797-1818. 11\r\n'

'Poems by Seamus Heaney “Death of a Naturalist” and “The Barn” Essay\r'

'Both songs disclose genuinely adequate definition from the start and hatch this full description by dint ofout the poem swelled you a precise clear image of the sights, sounds and smells described. The very first lines of separately poem show this rich flavour and very much give you the supposition that the poems ar about spirit. The poems be about forces of nature and they two build the effect of these forces using description. remainder of a natural scientist uses the description to give the looking that the author is lock of nature that is why when it comes to the drop brain dead rhythm it is so shocking to the author because he realises he is not in cut back any longer and cannot control the forces of nature. The atomic number 5 uses the description to give you the liveliness you get when you are in the group B. It gives you the intuitive tone of voiceinging that each topic is still, dead and cold this gives it an eerie feeling and this feeling is show in the finale verse not as still, dead or cold but very much alive.\r\nBoth poems are reminiscing about nestlingishness experiences with the true forces of nature. You can tell that they are puerility experiences because of the phraseology utilize. In demise of a natural scientist the things that tell you that it is a child speaking through Seamus Heaney are the things that this child does. The child collects ‘jampotfuls’ of spawn and puts them on window-sills at home and shelves at school. Also the language used tells us that it is told through the words of a child. Words like daddy and mammy are examples of the child-like language used in finis of a Naturalist. In The atomic number 5 the things that tell you that it is a childhood experience is the description and the actions.\r\nThe description of the layer ‘mouse-grey’ is natural of a simple childish description. The action that tells us that it is a childhood experience is the way the child lays on the floor face down, although an adult may hand over been scared in the vitamin B I consider that an adult may not defecate laid face down on the floor so therefore it must accept been a child. Even though both these poems are childhood experiences there are to a greater extent signs of this in Death of a Naturalist than in The Barn because anybody could have been scared of being in a barn alone but I think that every adult knows that when tadpoles are fully developed that they crease into horrible, ugly, slimy creatures- frogs.\r\nBoth poems show how people feel in control. In Death of a Naturalist the new boy felt in control of the spawn until the day when he saw the frogs and in The Barn he felt in control because the farm implements were not real the only thing that he wasn’t in control of was his read/write head which led him to believe that the farm implements were moving. I think of the two poems the more realistic is Death of a Naturalist becaus e of the actions of the young boy and the way the frogs are described in the last verse. The thing that makes The Barn seem more surreal is the last fate ‘the two-lugged sacks moved in like great cheat rats’ because sacks do not move.\r\nThe Barn seems to depict the line of the whole poem right from the start. It has a unnoticeable threatening feel to it and this is theme is continued passim the whole poem correct at the suppress when the two sacks seemed threatening because they seemed to be moving. Death of a Naturalist besides does not have a particular tone all the way through. At the beginning of this poem the description is of things that are fouled but because the child loved nature so much they are described as openhearted aspects of nature and the things that are not revolting are just described as nature. The last verse does not continue this theme and things that are dirty are described as exactly that and even exaggerated.\r\nDeath of a Naturalist includes alliteration and onomatopoeia however in The Barn none of these are used. I think that they are used in Death of a Naturalist because it helps to describe items in the poem and the sounds that are made but I feel in The Barn they are not used because they are not needed; just description itself and some similes help to give the poem its flavour.\r\nThe last verses of each poem are the child’s personal experience with the forces of nature and how they felt underage compared to nature. In Death of a Naturalist the young boy feels small compared to these big, ugly war-like frogs. In The Barn the young boy feels small compared to all the objects in the barn and the animals upon the rafters.\r\nI think that The Barn has more of a pattern than Death of a Naturalist. In the Barn there are five verses and each of them are of similar length however in Death of a Naturalist there are two verses of different lengths. Because of the pattern in The barn I think it is more like a poem and I think that Death of a Naturalist is more like a stage because of the structure and sequence of events.\r\nI think both these poems are similar but within their similarities they have many subtle differences.\r\n'