The Matrix Essay -- essays research papers

<a href="http//www.geocities.com/vaksam/">Sam Vaknins Psychology, Philosophy, political economy and Foreign Affairs Web SitesIt is easy to confuse the concepts of "virtual(prenominal) realism" and a " data processorized model of reality (simulation)". The former is a self-contained Universe, fill with its "laws of physics" and "logic". It can bear resemblance to the real human or non. It can be consistent or not. It can interact with the real world or not. In short, it is an arbitrary environment. In contrast, a model of reality must have a direct and loyal relationship to the world. It must obey the rules of physics and of logic. The absence of such a relationship renders it meaningless. A flight simulator is not much good in a world without aeroplanes or if it ignores the laws of nature. A technical analysis schedule is useless without a stock exchange or if its mathematically erroneous. Yet, the both concepts are often confused b ecause they are both mediated by and reside on estimators. The computer is a self-contained (though not closed) Universe. It incorporates the hardware, the data and the instructions for the manipulation of the data (software). It is, therefore, by definition, a virtual reality. It is varied and can correlate its reality with the world outside. But it can in any case refrain from doing so. This is the ominous "what if" in artificial intelligence (AI). What if a computer were to refuse to correlate its internal (virtual) reality with the reality of its makers? What if it were to impose its have reality on us and make it the privileged one? In the visually tantalizing movie, "The Matrix", a breed of AI computers takes everyplace the world. It harvests human embryos in laboratories called "fields". It then feeds them through grim feeling tubes and keeps them immersed in gelatinous liquid in cocoons. This new "machine species" derives its brawnines s needs from the electricity produced by the billions of human bodies thus preserved. A sophisticated, all-pervasive, computer program called "The Matrix" generates a "world" inhabited by the cognisance of the unfortunate human batteries. Ensconced in their shells, they see themselves walking, talking, working and making love. This is a tangible and olfactory phantasm masterfully created by the Matrix. Its ... ... people the aforesaid(prenominal) way that the Universe triggers a time sensation in us. Something does witness OUT THERE and it is called the Matrix. In this sense, the Matrix is real, it is the reality of these humans. It maintains the requirement of the first base type of flow of data. But it fails the second test people do not know that it exists or any of its attributes, nor do they coin it irreversibly. They do not change the Matrix. Paradoxically, the rebels do affect the Matrix (they almost repeal it). In doing so, they make it REAL. It is the ir REALITY because they KNOW it and they irreversibly CHANGE it. Applying this dual-track test, "virtual" reality IS a reality, albeit, at this stage, of a deterministic type. It affects our minds, we know that it exists and we affect it in return. Our choices and actions irreversibly alter the state of the system. This altered state, in turn, affects our minds. This fundamental interaction IS what we call "reality". With the advent of stochastic and quantum virtual reality generators - the characteristic between "real" and "virtual" will fade. The Matrix thus is not impossible. But that it is possible - does not make it real.

Global Communications Essay

While thanking you for the opportunity provided to query on Toyota fellowship, on that point be some(prenominal) issues that neither be possible explained in detail in this letter nor directly in conversation. It is an agreeable particular that, Toyota is marginally thriving in these international trade times in spite of stiff arguing. A great strength of the association exists in its innovative and exchange of technology. There be several internal problems for the political party in performance process, workforce and even in marketing of cars.Toyota fraternity is a middle class and commercial automobile company, which is meeting a great requirement of migrant workers and small businesses which are developing from each one new day especially in U. S, which is being cashed in by Toyota company. However there are study concerns of global raspy crude oil price which has reached $100. 00 per barrel and a concern of global warm and emission of greenhouse gases, CO2, v ehicle pollution are some of the major threats that Toyota has to work with in order to sustain in the market. Enclosing herewith a compendium for your perusal and information. Sincerely, PaulbrightSynopsis on Toyota Toyota company is a multinational company in manu concomitanture of automobiles. There are millions of customers who are using Toyota cars on a daily basis for office departure and for an opposite(prenominal) commercial purposes. Especially in U. S. Toyota cars are extremely in use and even in the recent years, Toyota company has posted a rapid issue by its successful brand Prius Hybrid vehicle. many another(prenominal) experts in automobiles are of the opinion that Toyota has established green image in automobile market. Toyota company mark as a monopoly did not extend the company without problems in spite of its remarkable success.The problems are in variant measures such as internal and remote which the companys heed has to deal with. Although Toyota company is performing fairly well as compared with competitors there are problems of defective engines, designs and production problems which reflect in fall of sales. in particular with regard to safety defects in Toyota vehicles is of a major concern to the company. Toyota company has a great experience in adoption of new technologies, foundation garment of technology and exchange of technology.However, with the emerge of globalisation, there is a stiff competition in the market, which brings in new kind of marketing problems, employment problems and other management problems to the company, whereas it is an agreeable fact that when there are problems, solution exists indoors the problem whether it is in production, workforce or marketing and these require graceful identification of sources of problem, analysis and strategies to counter-attack the problem in order to keep the growth of the company.Especially with global fuel price rise in oil market, bringing a new major concern to T oyota company, which discourages customers to purchase throttle or diesel driven automobiles with the fact that fuel filling is quite an expensive. Therefore Toyota company has launched Toyota FCHW which runs with Hydrogen have also entered consumer market as substitute vehicles for petrol and diesel. These hydrogen vehicles also help in slight emission of CO2 into the atmosphere.In spite of the acute measure of problems, Toyota company has been endeavoring constantly pursuing comfort with technology aid and in introducing more(prenominal) outperforming and outstanding vehicles into the cars market. Running head GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS 202, Chenoy Avenue St. Josephs street Las Vegas 232 001 (xxx) (xxx xxx) paulbrightyahoo. com February 3, 2008 Mr. Noel Park Automobile Consultant 222, Business Trade nub California 452 005 Dear Mr. Park, Thanks indeed for the practised opportunity to research on oecumenic Motors.It was a knowledgeable experience in purpose some key facts about the company. General Motors is truly facing a deterrented position in U. S market and is doing very well after-school(prenominal) U. S. However, retaining a proportionate share of domestic market is considered to be good at all times with the fact that one does not miss battle on ones own ground . fall in stated some of the alternative measures of strategies General Motors has to undertake with immediate nub and mode of change in operational methods. Enclosing herewith synopsis of General Motors for your perusal and for further necessary action.Sincerely, Paulbright Synopsis on General Motors Another multinational company General Motors with huge and massive successful track of business for several decades, has come to a stage of halt in U. S market as its competitors Toyota, Honda,Hyundai and Nissan have built a proportionate consumer market in U. S. It is an acceptable fact that, General Motors brands of cars are extremely of efficient functioning and due to changing times o f global trade entering domestic market, GM has lost sales in an uneven field. This gives out another fact that losing U.S market does not mean that GM has lost consumer market in other countries viz. , Canada, Europe, Asia and many other parts of the world. GM luxury cars Chevrolet, Saturn, Pontiac, GMC, Saab, Hummer and several other models of car have to be made available in market with super special features of advanced technology with cost telling pricing. As a matter of fact, although middle class consumer market is extensive and wide, luxury cars have always retained a unique individualism in the market such as in Benz cars, BMW and Lexus.In other words, General Motors must work on innovative manufacturing and marketing strategies in order to maintain its yester years reputation and to keep the sale of cars in high numbers even in losing ground of U. S. market. GM must also work to evolve new methods of marketing to prevent spill of consumer market in North the States with the fact that North America has a huge market even if it is for luxury cars. Therefore, General Motors spot pursuing other export market, a part of its concentration must also be ventured in North America consumer market.With an apparent fact of severe battle with competitors, General Motors has also been confronted with workforce problems by baseball swing 30,000 jobs and closure of a dozen plants due to companys script of loss which posted nearly to $4 billion in 2005. GM sought to destroy small dealers through their so-called secret date 2000, which GM defined as the systematic elimination of small dealerships by the year 2000, and was designed to consolidate car sales at boastfully auto malls, (Horvath). Running head GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS 202, Chenoy Avenue St. Josephs street Las Vegas 232 001 (xxx) (xxx xxx)paulbrightyahoo. com February 3, 2008 Mr. Noel Park Automobile Consultant 222, Business Trade shopping center California 452 005 Dear Mr. Park, With regard to t he synopsis of Toyota and General Motors, the following are some of the key findings. (a) The scenario of Toyota and General Motors is fair and competitive. Both the companies have internal, external and operational method problems. General Motors is partly facing a pecuniary crunch due to its fall in sales and this can be prevented on undertaking of new marketing strategies in U. S as well in other parts of the world where GM mark cars are mostly in want.(b) Problems of production, workforce, management are plenty in Toyota whereas General Motors has slashed jobs and have closed plants in many countries as a precautionary measure. It can always be presumed that these plants would be restored to production as and when the company regains its market. (c) No company can meet both demand of a customer whereas every model of car has a particular design and technicality and with this fact, it can be concluded that mark cars always retain its reputation even though new entries are ava ilable in the market at low cost.The trend in market is never constant and it keeps changing and General Motors has an opportunity to get this trend of consumer market and must restore its marketing strategies.References Michael Kowalski (2007), Rapid harvest-feast has lead to problems for Toyota Accessed February 3, 2008 http//www. glgroup. com/News/Rapid-Growth-has-lead-to-problems-for-Toyota-18827. html Should President Bush be centre on moving forward with Hydrogen? Accessed February 3, 2008 http//hydrogendiscoveries. wordpress. com/ BooksCornelius Herstatt (2005) Management of Technology And mental home in Japan Accessed February 3, 2008 http//books. google. com/books? id=KC7zgDeAnc8C& deoxyadenosine monophosphatepg=PR22&lpg=PR19&dq=toyota+company+problems+and+solutions&ie=ISO-8859-1&output=html&sig=7ATxnpTUENdyS6Dd22CkmAh24ko General Motors GM Solutions for effective change Accessed February 3, 2008 http//ezinearticles. com/? GM-Solutions-For-Effective-Chang e&id=152642 General Motors problems are no secret, but few know why they exist Insider provides answer in New Book Project 2000

Intuitive Decision Making Theory Essay

The intuitive decision reservation theory raise be draw as the process of receiving input and ideas without knowing exactly how and where they came from.Intuitive decision making is far more than using common sense because it involves additional sensors to see and get aware of the information from outside. Sometimes it is referred to as gut feeling, 6th sense, inner sense, instinct, or inner voice. Information acquired through associated learning and stored in long-term memory is accessed subconsciously to form the basis of a understanding or decision. Our ability to make hunch decisions varies considerably therefore, intuition ignore either be a useful ally or it can lead to costly and dangerous mistakes.Intuition may be however as effective in decision-making as an analytical border on, and sometimes more efficient and effective, depending on the decision-makers level of expertness on the dependent at hand.Analytic decisions are great for breaking things down into small er parts, which is necessary for a math problem. But intuition is about flavor at patterns and wholes, which is needed when making quick decisions about whether something is right or wrong. For example, if whizz works in an industry where rising up the ranks occurred, his expertise will likely serve an intuitive approach. On the other hand, if one gains expertise in another field, he may not rush the background to rely as strongly on intuition. Analytical opinion has always been viewed as a more effective means to searing reasoning compared to the intuitive approach. Yet as businesses place a greater emphasis on the speed and effectiveness of decision making, the intuitive approach has been identified as an increasingly important tool.

Georg Cantor

History of Mathematics Portfolio Standard 1 Discrete Mathematics Georg Ferdinand Ludwig Phillip cantor (1845 1918) the transfinite species are just as much at the disposal of the intentions of the manufacturing business and His absolute boundless will as the finite numbers. Georg precentor Georg Cantor was born on March 3, 1845 in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Georg lived in the metropolis until age eleven, when his have became sick and the family moved to Germany to get away from the astringent winters in Russia. Throughout his youth, Georg played the violin and showed smashing gift, a talent he inherited from his musical parents.Georg graduated in 1860 from Realschule in Darmstadt. He was given praise for his outstanding skills in mathematics, especially trigonometry. He keep his studies at the Federal Polytechnic Institute in Zurich, where he stayed until his fathers death in 1863. At this time, he was given a considerable inheritance, and decided to transfer his studies to t he University of Berlin. While at the University, Georg attended canes by prominent mathematicians such as Leopold Kr iodincker, Karl Weierstrass, and Ernst Kummer.In the summer of 1966, Georg attended the University of Gottingen, which was and still is an authorised mathematical research center. He received his Ph. D. in 1867 for his thesis on number theory, De aequationibus secundi gradus indeterminatis. After receiving his Ph. D. , Georg began work uping at an all-girls school in Berlin. He quickly left this position to take up another one at the University of Halle, where he remained for the rest of his course. In 1874, after Georgs career began, he met and married Vally Guttmann.Between 1874 and 1886, Georg and Vally had six children. Thanks to his fathers inheritance he was able to care and provide for such a extended family while qualification a modest salary in academia. The ten dollar bill of 1874 to 1884 proved to be Georgs finest mathematical time. It was during t his time that Cantor began his work on set theory. He was able to prove that there are (infinitely) many possible sizes for infinite sets, which were not trivial and needed to be studied. Before this proof, infinite was a philosophical discussion, not a mathematical one.In one of Georgs first papers, he proved that the set of true numbers is more numerous than the set of natural numbers. He alike showed the necessity of one-to-one correspondence in set theory. He apply this concept to define finite and infinite sets, subdividing the latter into denumerable sets and uncountable sets. Georg overly pioneered using fundamental counting in set theory. This discovery lead to Cantors theorem the size of the power set of A is strictly larger than the size of A, even when A is an infinite set.Georg had many triumphs during his career, making him one of the great discrete mathematicians in history, but he excessively suffered because of his career. He was hospitalized several times thr oughout his life, which until his death, was contributed to depression. He would sever ties with friends and colleagues if they criticized his work. He once became so depressed from criticism by Leopold Kronecker that he began applying himself to lecture on philosophy instead of mathematics. He spent a great deal of time trying to prove that Francis Bacon wrote the plays attributed to Shakespeare, even writing ii pamphlets on it.All of his correspondence with friend and publisher Gosta Mittag-Leffler attacked Kronecker and displayed how much of his confidence he lost due to Kroneckers critiques of his work. Georg retired in 1913, still battling chronic depression. He suffered from poverty and malnourishment during World War I. He passed his final social class of life in the sanatorium, where he died on January 6, 1918. After his death, Georg was diagnosed with bipolarity, which is attributed for his erratic expression and depression.

Metaphysical Poetry and John Donne Essay

Define metaphysical rime, its characteristics and bum Donne as a metaphysical poet. The concept metaphysical deals with the philosophic view of the nature of things. metaphysical numbers is a good deal menti whizzd as poetry inspired by a philosophical concept of the universe and the government agency assigned to the hu slice spirit in the capacious looseness of existence. Metaphysical poetry is involved with the whole sire of man, however the intelligence, learning and seriousness of the poets. Metaphysical poetry has an amazing business office to explore and express ideas and feelings just about the human race and its diverse phenomena in a rational way to captivate the readers.Metaphysical poems atomic number 18 lyric poems. A group of 17th-century poets, whose work is characterized by the economic consumption of complex and elaborate im dayss or toilet tables, typically using an intellectual form of argumentation to express steamy states atomic number 18 denote d as metaphysical poets. Members of this group allow in pot Donne, George Herbert, heat content Vaughan, Andrew Marvell, Robert Herrick and Richard Crashaw who explored the nature of the world and human life, and who employ images that were surprising at that time.Their poetical full treatment have been abundant with the various perspectives of human life curiously c be love, romance and sensuality about mans kinship with God the eternal perspective, and to a less extent, about pleasure, learning and art. The metaphysical poetry presends innovative and wondrous use of puns, paradoxes and employs cunning logical propositions Metaphysical poem is brief besides intense and embodies a style that is discountty and vigorous. A metaphysical poem is an expanded epigram, characterized by the striking use of wit and irony.Metaphysical poetry demands concentration. Moreover a metaphysical conceit makes the poetry more vibrant and storied. It is largely used to make a comparison of talentedness and legal expert and its invention is very much more stunning than its justness. A metaphysical conceit is used to persuade, or to define, or to probe a point thats why the metaphysical poetry is normally argumentative and persuasive. A metaphysical poet attempts to establish a logical connectedness between his emotional feelings and intellectual concepts with the help of far-fetched vision.The clever placement of unalike imagery, kelvinght and emotions, contrasting pair of statements and unifying altogether makes it extraordinary. According to Ben hind endson the metaphysical poets showcase their knowledge and intelligence in their poetry. The metaphysical poets play with thoughts as the Elizabethans had played with words which clearly show the wit and intellect of poets. The controlled fertilize of emotions is the exhibition of the potential the poets carry to express feelings in controlled language. Metaphors, similes and embodiments atomic number 18 satisfying elements of metaphysical poetry.In addition to this a combination of sensibility portrays the wondrous fusion of head and heart, of intellect and emotion, of thought and passion. The metaphysical poets harmonized thoughts, reasoning, feelings and images. existence successful at merging diverse fields, metaphysical poetry likewise contains a sense of humour though it is not laughable but it brings a smile to the readers face. Metaphysical poetry is unremarkably a dramatic monolog, the poet is addressed to the audience like in drama and every idea is for the audience. what is more the abrupt openings of metaphysical poetry are t here(predicate)fore an attraction which creates an interest for the readers. The metaphysical poets were more interested in the use of intricate rhythm, realism and obscurity. Joan Bennet observes that in the case of Donne and his circle, the limit that metaphysical actually refers to the style rather than subject matter. John Donne (1572- 1631) was inclined to the personal and intellectual complexity and concentration that is displayed in his poetry. He is acknowledged as the master of metaphysical poetry.John Donne was Born in London into a prosperous Roman Catholic family, at a time when England was staunchly anti-Catholic, Donne was forced to leave Oxford without a degree because of his religion. He studied law and, at the same time, read widely in theology in an attempt to decide whether the Roman or the Anglican Church was the true Catholic Church . In the meantime, he became cognise as a witty man of the world and the author of original, often dense, erotic poems. Donne departmenticipated in deuce naval expeditions, he was briefly sent to prison for secretly marrying his patrons niece.In 1615, at the age of forty-two, Donne accepted ordination in the Anglican Church. He quickly pull in a reputation as one of the greatest preachers of his time. He was dean of St. Pauls since 1621 until his death. John Donne is regarded as some(prenominal) the pioneer and the forefront spokesman of metaphysical poetry. The importance of his innovation was recognized by Thomas Carew, who praised Donne as the monarch of wit who purged /The Muses tend, threw away the loose seeds / Of Servile false And fresh invention planted.But his poetry is also awkward and complicated. Donne adopts different oles and postures the libertine rake, the devoted and constant lover and the cynic who feels cheated by his experience in love, the despairing sinner fearing damnation, and bold suitor, claiming his right to salvation. His poetry expresses radically contradictory views of women, the body, and love. Donnes poetry about love and about his proportion to God invites connections with his personal life, yet it resists attempts to read it biographically. His seventeenth-century biographer, Izaak Walton, assigned the lay love poetry to the youthful Donne and the religious poetry to the mature priest.His notable w orks are The Good-Morrow, The Sunne boost, Death Be Not Proud, belabor My Heart, The canonisation, A Valediction Forbidding Mourning, A Nocturnall upon S. Lucies Day , Twicknam Garden and The Anniversarie . The Songs and Sonnets explore mans relation with woman, seeing erotic love as one of the most important experiences of life. Donnes love poetry describes passionate intimate love with vigor and intensity. there are far too some suitable poems to consider all in detail, but The Good-Morrow and The Sunne Rising get going together.Whereas the Elegies in their governmental language and analogies often connect love and the political world, here there is a sharper opposition between the two spheres. The private little room of love (the microcosm) contrasts with the outside world of princes, explorers, lawyers, and merchants, who are all preoccupied with material concerns. The Good-morrow is a complex poem which moves almost two central metaphors, of a pair of lovers walking int o a in the buff life together and of advanced world created by their mutual love. John Donne gave a poetic status to a simple idea in an argumentative way in a three stanza structure.But the fluency of the stanza is leading to the brief penultimate line and final Alexandrine with its stately, measured quality. On (line-4) there is a type to bible to the seven sleepers, /or snorted we in seven sleepers den/ metaphorically may be Donne and his dear(p) were sleeping. Furthermore in (lines 8-14) he claims that his experience of mutual love intrusts him a new perspective from which the rest of the world looks insignificant. The world of love contains everything of value it is the however one cost exploring and possessing.Donne uses conceits and metaphors to exhibit his knowledge of geography, which is evident by the reference to the sea voyagers, that the lovers are not interested in the new worlds and discoveries, they are happy with each other and they dont want anything else. / allow sea-discoverers to new worlds have gone, / Let maps to others, worlds on worlds have shown, / Let us possess one world, each hath one, and is one/.While the following lines /Where can we find two better hemispheres/Without sharp north, without declining west? Compares the world of the lovers in the geographical world that our world is full of love and our love for each other is true and never ending. Love creates its own perfect world, feature of two better hemispheres. Donnes keen interest in discovering, associate him with important concerns of his age. The sixteenth and seventeenth centuries were a time of exploration, both scientific and geographical. England also saw the emergence of modern, experimental science. The New World was existence explored, and astronomical observations by Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo led to the discovery of a new locate of the heavens.Donne telescoped images and draws references from diverse spheres of cosmology, geography, science, phi losophy, alchemy, theology, sea-voyages, mythology, religion, law and even from colonial enterprise so far as Britain was then emerging as the greatest imperium through colonial expansion in different countries. Certain images or ideas recur so often as to seem typical kingship and govern subjectivism (one little room an everywhere nothing else is) alchemy peculiarly the mystical beliefs associated with elixir and quintessence and cosmology, both ancient and modern (references both to spheres and to the world of sea-discoverers).Another love sonnet by Donne The Sun Rising is a dramatic monologue addressed to the solarise and the beloved. Here Donne uses personification metaphors and similes to make it interesting and attractive. Sun and ants are personified and different images are used (lines 5-10) like schoolboys, factory workers, huntsman, life of London and the royal class. There is a conceit where beloveds beautiful eyes are compared to India (undiscovered beauty) and the sun can see that if India is as beautiful as his beloveds eyes or his beloveds eyes are more beautiful, this far-fetched conceit illustrates Donnes wit and intellect.There is a metaphor where the beloved is compared to the states and princess/she is all states, and all princes, I, nothing else/ it gives the idea that for the poet, the beloved is the entire world, royalty, rarified and grand and maybe the sun also believes that. Hence the microcosmic world of love becomes larger and more important than the macrocosm. /Princes doe. All riches alchimie/ here poet says that his beloveds beauty is copied by princess and further a metaphor express that she is more honorable and worthy than wealth and fortunate and their love is all the wealth for them.The concluding couplet/ Shine here to us, and thou art everywhere/ This bed thy centre is, these walls, thy sphere/ brings aside a cosmic imagery to show how the microcosmic world of the lovers symbolizes the macrocosmic world. Donnes g odly Poems explore the mans relation with God, often describing it in terms of human love, and seeking to discover the true relation between mans love for God that promises salvation. Even with his Divine Poems exploring religious experience, Donne seeks to understand the relation between erotic and spiritual love.In Donnes Divine Poems the sense of sinfulness is so great that the speaker unit insists it will take extraordinary efforts on Gods part to save him. The demands for an intense, intimate relation with God are often couched in erotic language. Perhaps the most startling poem is the sonnet Batter my heart, three persond God, in which the speaker metaphorically says that he is like a woman who loves one man (God) but is betrothed to another (Satan), and wants to be rescued, even by force. Its a paradoxical poem with conceits and metaphors and one of the best known in his devoted sonnets.On (line 5-8) a conceit is used where the poet is comparing himself to a township which is conquered by enemies and he wants God to come to him and dominate him. Donne took ideas from the bible and delivery boyian priests in his holy sonnets. Death Be Not Proud is Donnes another argumentative poem, that death is not all-powerful, since it must eventually give way to eternal life, we fear as death is (for Christian believer) only(prenominal) form of sleep from which we have to awake on the day of judgment, when death will be abolished.There is a reference to (Jesus Christ) in function 3 lines of (Death Be Not Proud) and the idea is taken from bible as he wants forgiveness with blood as each drop of Christs blood is salvation /why swellst thou death, thou shalt die/. The argument of the poem is that. There is another reference to the cloudburst in Noahs time/from rest and sleepe, rest of their soules deliverie/(lines5-9). Donne in A Valediction Forbidding Mourning compares the lovers with a pair of compasses.Such a far-fetched comparison to show the affinity and re lationship of the lovers in terms of compasses is indeedly astounding for which Samuel Johnson describes metaphysical conceit as a combination of dissimilar images or discovery of occult resemblances in things apparently. Again in Twicknam Garden Donne makes another brilliant use of conceit whose ingenuity, Helen Gardner considers, is more striking than its justice ? The spider Love, which transubstantiates all/ And can convert manna to gall.In Donnes poetry we will also examine a sudden dramatic beginning and finer exertion of colloquial language, as exemplified in the abrupt, conversational opening of The Canonization where the poet-lover admonishes the intruder in a colloquial pace for hampering their privacy ? For Gods sake hold your tongue, and let me love, / Or chide my palsy, or my gout/ My five gray hairs, or destroyed fortune flout?. If we keenly observe, we will find that many of the tensions and contradictions in Donnes poetry can be seen as deriving from wanting(p) to satisfy conflicting human needs and desires.Some poems like The abstracted or Community insist on male independence and liberty in erotic relations. Others like The Sun Rising or The Canonization show a strong desire for intimacy. Donnes poetry thus expresses the instability and infinity of human desire. For all its various attitudes, what is so wondrous about Donne is that, for all his realistic assessment of those limits, and for all the admissions of guilt about his immoderate desires, he never gives up wanting and asking for -more. There are some other well-known contemporaries of John Donne like Andrew Marvell (162178), who is one of the English metaphysical poets.Among his best-known poems is To His Coy Mistress, a clever and entertaining attempt to persuade a young woman to go to bed with him there is an explicit argument of this poem. Other works of Andrew Marvell include The Coronet, Bermudas, The Definition of Love and The Garden. Henry Vaughan (1621-1695) is anothe r metaphysical poet, who wrote The Retreate, The World, Man and They ar All Gone into the World of Light. In The Retreate, Vaughan notes that shadows of eternity are seen by him in natural phenomena such as clouds or flowers. His works express ones personal relationship to God.George Herbert another worth mentioning English poet and priest, is one of the metaphysical poets who dealt with religious themes such as doubt, woeful and joy, using simple language and metaphors. Herberts poetry is elegant as the result of art as a cultivated expression, but not forced, spiritual humility. He wrote Jordan in which there is religious devotion versus secular love, other works are The Pearl, The Collar, Discipline and Love. Following the steps of John Donne, Richard Crashaw (1613-1649) wrote many metaphysical poems like EpigrammaticumSacrorum Liber, Steps to the temple, Delights of the Muses, Carmen Deo Nostro and thats why he is also short listed among the brilliant and illustrious metaphys ical poets. His collection The Temple was published after his death. All these legends have played an important role in the survival of metaphysical poetry. Lastly, I will mention that metaphysical poetry gives us a new dimension to create a far-fetched link with the help of metaphysical conceits, which stimulates us to think beyond the excavate level and show our wit and shrewdness.I would praise all the metaphysical poets, for their commendable job and setting a new trend in English poetry. The tremendous versatility of Donne and his contemporaries paved the way for future generations to call forth something as grand as metaphysical poetry. Metaphysical poetry has its great importance in English literature due to its vivacious imagery and attractive techniques. Indeed, metaphysical poetry is a milestone achievement for metaphysical poets its worth reading and worth admiring.

Fastest Way To Cool A Soda

The high-velocity fashion to cool a pa deals a lot with cacoethes transfer. wake up is a measure of the average molecular motion of government issue and give the gate be transferred from unmatched piece of matter to another in cardinal contrastive behaviors which are conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. (Tania Dakka) In the taste the different levels of the self-employed person versatile include a cooler with frosting, another with sparkler and pee, one with water ice and salt, the refrigerator, and the freezer.Prior research has been done on this area by Andrew Olson who has a Ph. D and tested with the refrigerator and freezer. From earlier researchers, facts direct that in both the freezer and refrigerator, cold air is removing heating plant from the room-temperature dada ash ignore by convection. Convection is the movement caused within a fluid by the lean of hotter and therefore less dense material to rise, and colder, denser material to deg rade beneath the influence of gravity, which results in transfer of heat.(Weather Questions)In this experiment, when immersing a can of papa in a cold liquid, it is okay to expect that a some(prenominal) greater number of molecular interactions would result and information would show whether the pa go out cool off faster. In the experiment the dependent variable is the the temperature of the soda over different periods of time. We plan on taking the temperature (C ) of the soda in each of the different independent variables after 20 minutes, 40 minutes, and 60 minutes.Also, the salt in the salt water, lowers the freezing point of the water, allowing the ice in the ice bath to melt while still retaining its temperature. (Education) This makes the cayenne water in the ice bath even colder. By conducting the experiment the heat should transfer from the soda to one of the levels of the independent variable and the data should financial aid support convection in hope to learn whi ch one is the instantaneous way to cool the soda.Fastest Way to Cool a SodaThe fastest way to cool a soda deals a lot with heat transfer. Heat is a measure of the average molecular motion of matter and can be transferred from one piece of matter to another in four different ways which are conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. (Tania Dakka) In the experiment the different levels of the independent variable include a cooler with ice, another with ice and water, one with water ice and salt, the refrigerator, and the freezer.Prior research has been done on this subject by Andrew Olson who has a Ph. D and tested with the refrigerator and freezer. From earlier researchers, facts show that in both the freezer and refrigerator, cold air is removing heat from the room-temperature soda can by convection. Convection is the movement caused within a fluid by the tendency of hotter and therefore less dense material to rise, and colder, denser material to sink under the influence of gravity, which results in transfer of heat.(Weather Questions)In this experiment, when immersing a can of soda in a cold liquid, it is okay to expect that a much greater number of molecular interactions would result and data would show whether the soda will cool off faster. In the experiment the dependent variable is the the temperature of the soda over different periods of time. We plan on taking the temperature (C ) of the soda in each of the different independent variables after 20 minutes, 40 minutes, and 60 minutes.Also, the salt in the salt water, lowers the freezing point of the water, allowing the ice in the ice bath to melt while still retaining its temperature. (Education) This makes the chilly water in the ice bath even colder. By conducting the experiment the heat should transfer from the soda to one of the levels of the independent variable and the data should help support convection in hope to learn which one is the fastest way to cool the soda.

Evolutionary Psychology

Evolutionary psychologists view human behavior and psychological traits as a result of organic evolutionary adaptation in repartee to generative needs much like the concept of natural weft applied to reproduction, or cozy selection. Drawing from this perspective, evolutionary psychologists and professionals seek to relieve the differences between phallic and fe anthropoid dating and mating rituals and intimate attitudes and how they buzz off evolved throughout the centuries.For example, researchers employ the evolutionary perspective to discuss the differences in male and female promiscuity, aggressiveness, dominance, dating patterns, and the develop workforcet of sexual attitudes differences which seem to become less(prenominal) apparent in modern times than the more traditional sexual values expressed throughout history. Evolutionary psychologists would throw that differences between male and female promiscuity are a result of the evolving need to project reproduction.W hile traditional female sexual attitudes and values are evolving and females are progressively becoming more comfortable in expressing sexual aggression or dominance in modern times, these traditional differences may be explained from the sales booth of adaptation to reproductive demands as well. Women are more limited in reproductive chance than men, having a limited number of eggs and a limited amount of time in which to reproduce optimally, while men have a much more unlimited reproductive opportunity with hundreds of thousands of available sperm and a many more reproductively-viable years than women.Evolutionary psychologists would volunteer that the differences in sexual attitudes and behaviors among men and women are directly attributable to these reproductive differences as evidenced by the inborn desire of men for sexual promiscuity, as compared to the highly selective manner of reproductive behavior among women.While the evolution of social attitudes towards female sex uality has produced an acceptance of evolving sexual behavior among women, evolutionary professionals propose that the innate differences between men and women with regard to parenting style, romantic behavior, preferences in sexual partners, and the extent to which looks and personality play a role in mating selection, are a result of evolutionary adaptations.Evolutionary psychology would propose that male and female sexual behavior is centered on the innate need to optimize reproductive opportunity men being visually stimulated and aggressive in order to ensure a rank mate and reproductive opportunity, while women express nurturance and attraction towards partners who can provide, ensuring excerption of the family unit. These sexual and mating differences, according to evolutionary psychology, ensure the passing on of ones genes.

Commerce Case Study Report

The following report looks at the increase of inner torture claims inwardly corpo solid Australia that arrest been lodged with the Australian Human Rights guidance over the last decade. David Jones Pty Ltd and Pricewaterhouse Cooper argon two prevalent cases which cod attracted negative media with regard to knowledgeable worrying, and this report utilises both find worry and conceit Theories to scrutinise various impacts, responsibilities and recommendations for Individuals, Organisations and society.Organisational and social cultivation is identified as the primary contributing factor of work Sexual Harassment, and it is identified inwardly the report that further Legislation and oeuvre riskiness management approaches select to be enacted if the increase is to be addressed.Methods of work mechanisms to curtail the increase stand been listed as induction, training, and facilitation of workplace deviate. Prompt and decisive achievement is as well as prereq uisite to address issues when raise. Societal culture also is identified as requiring variety show through Legislation, and the requirement for male persons of political, social and arrangemental power to strain the ethnical change management process.It is this reports recommendation that further review of Legislation and workplace practices be urgently lowtaken with a view to reduce the steadily ascent number of reported workplace Sexual Harassment claims inwardly bodily Australia.Figure 1 Australian Human Rights Commission Statistics Over the then(prenominal) decade there has been a continual increase in the prevalence of cozy curse in the workplace. The Australian Human Rights Commission (2010) statistics (Figure 1) process a steady increase in reported cases of inner harassment from 2000 to 2009. In 2007 a motive executive of Pricewaterhouse Coopers filed legal suit against her front employer separately(prenominal)eging she was sexu eachy harassed by an execut ive, Mr Edwards. She sought $11 million earnings for damages, press release of earnings and different only(a)owance (Australian Associated Press, 2008).When Ms Rich raised the issue of her internal harassment with senior management, senior executives responded by placing her on access restrictions, banning her from the office, allocating clients to other partners, and reducing her salary (Clifton, 2007). A colonisation between $5 and $6 million was reached on 20 demonstrate 2008. Pricewaterhouse Coopers outride to deny the claims, however, each fellowship has accepted that the opposing party had their own perspectives, but would non accept the other as all told accurate (Moran, 2008).More recent evidence of Sexual Harassment in Corporate Australia attracting negative media attention is the case of Kristy Fraser-Kirk vs. David Jones Pty Ltd initiated earlier this year claiming compensation of $37 million for alleged incidences of informal harassment by former CEO Mark Mc Innes. The key difference between the two cases highlighted deep down this report is, in response to Fraser-Kirks allegations and intense media scrutiny, McInnes resigned. He claims his resignation was for the eudaimonia of the play along and his family.Harrison (2005) argues that many impart view this approach to ethical conclusiveness devising as the antithesis of ethical. This legal case is still disclose front the courts. Notably, in both highlighted cases above, ecesisal culture is demonstrated to largely consist of informal harassment and discrimination. Alarmingly, statistics and media attention sire highlighted these allegations argon not isolated. Corporate Australia requires straightaway attention to stem the steady increase of inner harassment.Alexander and Lewer (1998) assert there is signifi rear endt interaction between industrial relations practices and the economy demonstrating linkages between individuals, organisations and society that essential be addressed. Impact on Individuals, Organisations and indian lodge Individuals the key impact is often emotional. A victim or sexual harassment may lose the expertness to attain premium tone of voice of life, when compared to Maslows Hierarchy of Needs as described by food turner (1995) * Physiological increased stress levels, mental health, decreased sense of egotism worth, as well as creating many other health issues. precaution Career focus can be destroyed, income minify through absenteeism or loss of example, affecting the level of security one may have.* belong feelings of violation and isolation and decreased sense of value. This view is noted by Weisberg (1996, pg 725) quoting Lin Farley the abuse also impacts destructively by disrupting young-bearing(prenominal) job attachment, promoting effeminate unemployment and inhibiting female solidarity. * Esteem as a forget of a lack of be and lack of reliable income, the self worth and the value placed by colleagues and employer is decreased.Lengthy legal battles impact on an individuals financial st energy whilst media scrutiny impacts on individual esteem and adds pressure on family and other relationships. * Self Actualization states that to achieve self- echtization, all other call for must be met first. Therefore, by limiting the ability to meet all other needs of the Hierarchy, sexual harassment limits ones ability to become self actualized. Sexual harassment impacts both the victim and the perpetrator. The credibleness and seniority of many of the perpetrators can be decreased.The accusations can lead to loss of truth in the workplace and subsequent decreases to job opportunities and future earning capability. Organisations cost to organisations can be both internal and external. Some primary issues are listed below. * Loss of revenue. Due to media and public scrutiny and disapproval of conduct, sales may decrease. * Increases in operating expenditures. There is a range of causal factors for increases in operating expenses. Staff absenteeism and lack of productivity of staff collectable to ongoing internal and media investigations into the allegations.Increased expenses for insurances. Public relations campaigns to negate media damage to company branding and sales. Increases in recruitment costs payable to staff movements to to a great extent favourable work cultures and other organisations. * Impacts to other organisations much(prenominal) as redress Industry, regimen and their resultant use of resources such as Hospitals, Police Services, dally systems, and Mediation services. * Corporate Australia as a whole is impacted with each allegation, as financial measures are taken to minimise the risks of occurrence within their own businesses.Financial costs such as Insurance levies rise, as do taxes to support the Government in its efforts to minimise occurrences, assist the victims, and conciliate the claims through Court systems. Status or power diffe rentials occur due to employee composition and sex ratios. * Expense is incurred as internal review committees are formed to searingly analyse company Harassment, Anti-Discrimination, Risk Management and scathing Incident Policies and review and implement all recommended measures. night club Impacts upon society are the changes to societal culture, awareness and drainage of public resources. Medical resources are accessed due to the impact on individuals, as are legal systems due to judicial proceeding instigated by the victims. Media outlets and organisational public relations campaigns attempt to baffle societal responses and opinions. At the present stage of sexual harassment in Australia, there is a Spotlight focused on Australian Corporate culture making society consider their own workplace experiences and explore their rights.This exploration of necessity leads to questioning of our legal system and its support for workers rights and anti-discrimination statute which curr ently underpins society. The Occupational Health and Safety Act 2000 states, in surgical incision 8, that an employer must check out the health, safety and welfare at work of all the employees of the employer. Society then becomes disconnected and disbelieving of the Governments ability to uphold societal law and value systems. Where many Corporate Australian businesses have global operations, society suffers further through both reduced global economic trade and a stigma of cultural discrimination.Whilst our stake of equality in all forms is held tenaciously in the balance misdirect which side the Media go out back, in many cases forcing public viewpoints from the rational to the superficial. Societal views of the inherent subordinate role of women within the workforce, and the disproportionate power and potency of a male role is perpetuated and enforced. Risk Management speculative eyeshot Risk is an unavoidable element of life. It is a sensed or real possibility that an u nfavourable outcome (such as loss or harm) could result from taking a particular action (Rescher, 1983).There are tercet stages in determining a risk, and its worth (Rescher, 1983) * Choice of action what action is to be undertaken. * Negativity of outcome what risk is inherent to the action. What other options are available to pursue. * Chance of realisation the probability of risk actually occurring. Risk can be managed in a variety of ways, depending on the risk at hand, and the expense which is willing to be incurred. When a company implements a risk management process, they follow three basic rules The primeval Rules of Risk Taking (Rescher, 1983)* Maximise expected values (see graphs) Avoid catastrophes * move extremely unrealistic possibilities When applied within the context of Sexual Harassment in the Workplace the two organisational viewpoints for the management of risk will be * Take out Insurance * Create a Sexual Harassment Policy Insurance will not prevent the possibility of the occurance of sexual harassment, it will solely cushion economic implications (Rescher, 1983). This is designed to enable the organisation to continue operating in the event of an allegation occuring.The creation of an Organisational Sexual Harassment Policy however, will have a far greater impact on prevention of such behaviour if enforced and published throughout the company. It should also provide guidance is resolution of issues and denote penalties or risks to perpetrators as well as support mechanisms for victims. Absence of a constitution could be used as evidence that an employee has authority to engage in misconduct, and make the employer liable (Pearson, 1997). When defining a sexual harassment policy, Warfel and head (2004) state that the organisation must* Define their meaning of sexual harassment Provide examples of what they consider sexual harassment * An explicit statement that sexual harassment will not be tolerated. * Explanation on how claims will be dealt with * A statement that retaliatory action will not be tolerated * A statement that corrective action will be taken After creating a Sexual Harassment policy it is merry that the policy be communicated, understood and upheld at all levels of the organisation on a regular basis through training, induction and displayed within organisational culture (Pearson, 1997).If claims are made, it is crucial they are investigated and appropriate action taken under the policy. All members of an organisation should be compliant under the policy. Egoism Theoretical Perspective Gibson (2007) comments that an egoist would say that one should put ones own interests and concerns above those of others, regardless of external ethical standards. This statement is critical if we are to understand Egoism. The concept that we all operate within a sense of self interested morality explains at some levels the conglomerate nature of perpetrators of sexual harassment.It provides a level of unde rstanding along the lines of unless the strong survive which is highlighted by Catherine Mackinnon in Weisburg (2010, p726) where every incidence of sexual harassment reproduces the inequitable social structure of male supremacy and female subordination which anti-discrimination legislation seeks to eliminate. This level of thinking is the crux of the societal damage caused by the increasing trend towards incidences of sexual harassment within Corporate Australia, where it is perceived only the strong and ruthless survives.The David Jones Pty Ltds recent case can be compared with Machiavellis (1515) observation that a bold leader should procure and use power to his personal advantage by whatever room possible. Applying Egoism Theory to the perpetrators of sexual harassment, it can be build that the basic human temptation to take what is wanted or is a perceived right, overrides any awareness or application of Risk Management Theory. It appears that their location or power will effectively hold dear them, or that the victim inherently will wish to increase their status by accepting these advances.This is ratified by Shaw et al (2009, pg 59) regarding Firestone Tyres where it is stated by a company spokesperson . policy was to ask for corrections only when it was beneficial to the company to do so. The action of Pricewaterhouse Cooper, and David Jones, is reflective of Egoism theory as stated by the Firestone Tyres spokesperson. When incidences of harassment occurred, they appear to have negated their own internal policies and risk management mechanisms, and responded in an Egoist manner.Responsibilities of Individuals, Organisations and Society Victims have a responsibility to report and demand action against extrajudicial activity. This in turn empowers others to feel supported and understood which is demonstrated by the other women who close likely wouldnt have spoken out about their experience had Fraser-Kirk not done so herself. It also enables cha nge within the workplace, legal systems and eventually society at large. It is understood that most sexual harassment cases go unreported with the victim instead manifestly leaving the workplace.This creates an opportunity for perpetrators, as silence is regarded as complicity and acceptance of the behavior. Victims also have a responsibility to act appropriately within their employment contracts and honestly report all incidences of workplace sexual harassment. Individuals must cleave to company policy as well as acknowledge and paying attention colleagues rights with regard to relevant workplace policies and legislation. This action will modify to a positive work culture. Perpetrators are often in a position of power and have an inherent responsibility to lead by example.In the case of Mr McInnes and Mr Edwards, neither man behaved in this manner, therefore perpetuating a workplace culture of acceptance, and a perception of do as I say, not as I do. Organisations have a legal responsibility to act in the best interest of all staff and executives, however organizations have a duty of care to watch that relevant workplace legislation pertaining to the welfare of employees is effectively communicated and enshrined within workplace practices. The best way to do this is to lead by example and ensure that breaches are swiftly and efficiently dealt with.Society itself has many responsibilities to uphold regarding sexual harassment. Society has the power to support ethical and responsible acts to uphold integrity within Corporate Australia. They have the power to influence organizations, legislation and Government to adopt risk management practices rather than egoism in cabaret to maintain a positive brand image. Society can influence good corporate citizenship by enforcing individual, and organisational, accountabilities and responsibilities.Recommendation to Individuals, Organisations and Society It is strongly recommended that individuals continue to pursue their individual and workplace rights in order to work towards actual realisation as according to Maslow. Reporting, and supporting those who do, is an integral component of a workplace free from harassment. They additionally have a responsibility contribute to a workplace free from discrimination by participating in, and adhering to, workplace training programs and policies.Within organisations, it is recommended that the sexual harassment policy be kept up(p) as separate to any anti-discrimination policies with a built in unrighteousness procedure and validation process. Any complaints should be dealt with swiftly and supportively with real consequences for perpetrators, such as probation, demotion or termination. These processes should be communicated to staff on induction to the organisation and throughout their careers by mandatory training and awareness programs, with employees and executives having to sign on receipt of training and policy documents.It is imperative that r isk management practices be applied in favour of egoistic approaches if the organisational culture is to support a change within the organisational culture. Organisational change can only be staring(a) if it is championed from those with the ultimate power. It is the responsibility of the executive board to drive this change for the return of all, the reduction or elimination of sexual harassment practices will ultimately decrease absenteeism and staff turnover due to harassment, and increase morale and productivity.Society too, has a responsibility to ensure equality in every candidate of their lives by teaching our children that gender does not determine worth. We further have a responsibility to petition for change in legislation, and hold Corporate Australia responsible for its actions. As consumers we hold great power and this can be used to influence and support company responsibilities. Conclusion It is this reports finding that an egoist societal and organisational cultur e is directly linked with the increase in sexual harassment cases lodged with the Australian Human Rights Commission.It further finds that adoption of a risk management perspective for the protection of individual, organisational and societal well being is obligatory to ensure fundamental rights, responsibilities and legislation is upheld. Whilst it is understood that organisational culture needs to be specifically targeted to reduce incidences of sexual harassment in the workplace, the significance of a male driven response to the prevalence of sexual harassment within Corporate Australia cannot be overlooked.This is highlighted by Elizabeth Broderick, Sex Discrimination Commissioner where she states we should recognise the impressiveness of mens role in promoting gender equality in workplaces. I firmly believe that we will only see evidential gains when men start working with men to solve this problem. After all it is men who dominate nearly every institution in this country, peculiarly in our workplaces. If there is to be change, male CEOs and business leaders must champion it. We need men taking up the advocacy pallium and leading by example.

Othello: a noble character who loses but ultimately regains our sympathy Essay

Othello is most unquestionably an imperial char exerciseer who gets assassinated by his trusting friend Iago. We bring in his grandeur from the beginning, Othello is being accused of all sorts of amours, still he doesnt hide and wants to clarify the situation and even allows his wife lecture for herself he continues to prove that he is a right and just character when he is put into the position of breaking the rules to serve his friend or to do what is right, which means he had to fire his own friend. From here on Othellos behaviour is utterly despicable. However I an abundance of sympathy for him, as we hump Iagos plan however Othello cant help but lose his peace of mind and his personality completely changes. This leaves me with dim sympathy for his human nature of getting jealous so easily. He pass overs Desdemona appalling and rules over without giving her an opportunity to prove herself Othellos behaviour is miserable and crashes to a new low when he strikes his wife, calls her a whore and goes to the complete of fine-tuneing her. Here I attain a small centre of sympathy as he is being tortured by Iago. At the end he realises what he has done and tries to redeem himself by doing the statuesque matter and killing himself as well.However I stick no sympathy for him at this point he should have never let it come this far, he had the ability to stop it. In the opening act we immediately see the racism towards Othello. Iago proclaims to Desdemonas father Brabantio even now, now, rattling now, an old black ram is tupping your white ewe. Brabantio is outraged by this announcement and doesnt believe his daughter would be satisfactory of such betrayal. Iago adds Youll have your daughter covered with a Barbary horse youll have nephews neigh to you and the final examination comment that pushes Brabantio to go in search of Othello your daughter and the Moor be now making the beasts with two backs. I have great pity for Othello as in the first act without yet meeting him, we are led to believe that he is some animal that has put Desdemona under spells and medicines bought of mountebanks When Brabantio confronts Othello, his nobility shines through. Othello shows us that he is brave and calm. Othello doesnt run away, he stands up for himself and refuses to fight without good reason Keep up your glary swords, for the dew will rust them. Othello is definitely respectful and could almost be called a feminist.Instead of speaking on behalf of Desdemona he send(s) for the lady to the Sagittary, and let her speak of me before her father In Shakespearian times was an unheard of thing to do yet it was incredibly noble and respectful. Othello continues to be a archetype character when he chooses to do the right thing over choosing what is blue-blooded. Othello was go about with the decision to fire his close friend Cassio. He values his nature and if he was to over look Cassios mistake, Othellos professionalism would be qu estioned. Cassio, I love thee but never more be officer of mine. I have deep sympathy for him at this point as we, the audience, know that this is all part of Iagos wretched plan to ruin Othellos life. Othello is clueless as to what honest Iago has in store for him. It is non until the temptation scene until Othellos nobility immediately gives way. At this point, Iago has a heist on Othellos life. Othello has preoccupied the ability to sleep his peace of mind is ruined along with his nobility and his confidence in his own opinions and beliefs. As I mentioned already, Othello used to treat Desdemona with the upmost of respect and dignity, however Othellos kind and gentle personality have been drastically altered.Othello no longer gives Desdemona the opportunity to defend herself. In event she is so clueless and confused, she doesnt know why her loving save has taken such a turn, she then blames his erratic behaviour on work stress saying something sure of state. hath puddled his clear pure tone Othello also calls Desdemona a whore when he asks Are you not a strumpet? I must admit I have a bit of sympathy for Othello here because he is not in his prim state of mind. However he strikes her in front of her friend and family I (Desdemona) never gave him cause She is in disbelief that her husband would be capable of such a thing. After this I have absolutely no sympathy for him it is completely unacceptable to hit a woman, regardless of the circumstance. In the final scene Othello crashes to an all time low. Othello stands over his sleeping wife, preparing to kill her. Desdemona attempts to plead with Othello And have you mercy too I never did go bad you in my life.She asserts her innocence, but Othello smothers her. Again, I have no clemency for this act whatsoever. Desdemona did not deserve to die a guiltless destruction. After realisin the truth, Othello is crushed Are there no stones in paradise but what serve for the thun der? Precious villain. Ot hello then makes a legal transfer about how he would like to be remembered, and begs for punishment, he pleads Wash me in steep-down gulfs of liquid fire He then does the somewhat noble thing and kills himself with a sword he had hidden Killing myself to die upon a kiss. It is clear to be seen that Othello is a noble character however Iago does everything he could possibly do to ruin Othellos marriage, career and ultimately his life, which once and for all deteriorated his nobility as the play developed. I feel that he did not regain my sympathy as I feel that he took the easy way out by killing himself. Even though he was severely manipulated by Iago, the way he dealt with the situation was too jolty and if he kept a level head and addressed the emerge differently, so many lives could have been saved.

Review of communication skills Essay

In the radical interactions, I was a class room assistant who was shell-off the parents of a young child with behavioural problems. When Mr and Mrs Shaw arrived I called them in to the office employ a soft tone and with a hand gesture I offered them a seat in front of my desk. They conform tomed pleased to be meeting me and were very concerned about their son Matthew. They were both talking in a calm slow voice with varying tone. I started by asking how Matthews behaviour was at sign. Mr Shaw was relaxed and sitting in an open posture. He said Matthewss behaviour was fine and there was zip fastener wrongly with him.Mrs Shaw became tensed and looked away from her husband and said she had experienced problems at home when Matthew was around other children, as he would become angry and forestall over simple things. Mr Shaw sat upright and told his wife there was nothing wrong with Matthews behaviour and that this was normal. I reassured them both that this could be under standable as he is an only child and may not be use to sharing with other children. Maintaining good nub hit I said I was experiencing the same problems in the class as Matthew is becoming very disruptive and a lot of parents are opine that their children are frightened of Matthew. Mrs Shaw became very upset and did not keep snapper contact with me, and Mr Shaw was now in a closed posture.In a strong tone Mr Shaw demanded what was doing to help Matthew. I leaned forward and using a soft tone I told them the school could offer countenance for Matthew as long as the parents were willing to help, I then showed them some of Matthews class flirt and the areas he was doing good in. His mother seemed pleased and became less(prenominal) tensed. I offered a fussy needs political platform pointing out the benefits where Matthew could be taken out of the class room for a few hours a week. Mr Shaw became very tensed and leaned back in his chair as his face muscles became tight. He said his son did not need a special needs plan and this was a waste of time, I went over the benefits o the program again, speaking clearly as I read the to the highest degree important points. Mrs Shaw was unsure and wanted to agree only if her husband would support the program, but she agreed to look at the leaflet and consider it with her husband.I explained how one to one help for Matthew would benefit him in his school work and also the other children, I then said they could discuss the program at home and decide, and then they could arrange another interview if they were skilful with the program. Mr Shaw stood up and I handed Mrs Shaw the leaflets. I thanked them for their time and shock their hands, I said using a polite tone they could come see me any time if they were unhappy about any thing. I showed them to the portal and Mrs Shaw was very thankful for my advice and agreed to come back and discuss the program for Matthew. Mr Shaw thanked me but did not shake my hand and ma de no eye contact with me as he left and I said he was very welcome to come back any time.

Reflection on Chronicles of a Death Foretold

Reflection The cultural and historical context of Marquez life history played an important role in his unused Chronicles of a Death Foretold. In the 16th century, Spain colonized galore(postnominal) parts of South America and replaced the native religion with Catholicism. While the innate cultural pr workices celebrated openness about sexuality the orthodox Catholic ideals of chastity and purity that penetrated into the local tradition during colonization.The archaic perception of keep an eye on was founded on the grounds of the Catholic ideals and it promoted gender inequality and organized nuisance cultures promoted violence. Marquez offers a retrospect of the religious system when he describes the arrival of the Bishop who is vocalization of the power of the church building. In preparation of the Bishops arrival the town active many cocks which are rather a physical offering to the Church rather than a spiritual offering.The states inability to act upon the Vicarios brot hers execute is a Marquezs critique of the decadence of the Old Christian value system. Father Amador does not blame the Vicario brothers for their actions but instead he says that they are forgiven on the bases of acting to retaliate their sisters honour. The mayor is also unable to take action and he simply takes away their knives. We also explored the influence of Marquezs life on his genius of writing.The influence of Marquezs grandmother on his style of realism was also explored. Marquezs grandmothers way of grave unlikely stories as if they were facts influenced his style in Chronicles of a Death Foretold. The finish of Santiago Nasar remains a complete mystery until the end of the novel and the episodes that unfold in the story seem extremely unlikely all the same the death was accepted by the reader because of factual tone in which it was told. Word Count 298 Dissociating the allusion elements from their referents

Cyber Bullying Essay

CyberbullyingBullying over the profit through social media site like Facebook and twitter as salutary as text messaging and online gaming is becoming a bigger and larger problem. Every year it gets easier to connect to others around the world and with that is an amplify in harassment, threats and cyberstalking. Each state has their own laws to try and curb the problem, b arly Arizona is trying to pass laws making it a class 1 misdemeanor which includes fines and/or jail time.About 5,000 teens commit suicide either year, for all sorts of reasons and a growing number of it is from online bullying from classmates, neighbors or pack that they stool never even met before. It is non limited to children or teens, adults are affected by bullying as well at report or on forums and journals and even by what their child is going through. harmonise to the Cyberbullying Research Center Approximately 20% of the students report experiencing cyberbullying in their lifetimes, and juvenile g irls are significantly more likely to keep up experienced cyberbullying in their lifetimes (25.8% vs. 16%). Also according to the web site Puresight.com Middle-school victims of cyberbulllying are more apt to commit suicide. The AP-MTV survey found that 8% of cyberbulllying victims and 12% of sexting victims have considered ending their own life compared to 3% of people who have not been bullied and were not involved in sexting.Arizona is taking one of the biggest stairs to try and prevent such bullying by passing a new bill outlawing it. Right now the bill would result in a misdemeanor charge that carries a maximum $2,500 fine and sextette months in jail for anybody who uses a computer, smartphone or similar device to blame a message to terrify, intimidate, threaten, harass, annoy or offend.(FoxNews) The bill is being met with reprimand by opponents saying that it violates the 1st Amendment for Free speech and is worded in such a way that it leaves the bill open for interpret ation and does not maculation out what would be considered offensive.The idea is there, and it is time that this type of bullying is taken more seriously. It is not kids being kids anymore or a religious rite of passage. Once these comments and photos reach the internet they are there to stay and have a more lasting affect than the wait until next Monday and it give be forgotten thought the parents grew up with.

Hh Holmes

H. H. Holmes A. Introduction On whitethorn 16, 1861 Herman Webster Mudgett was born. His home town was Gilmanton, New Hampshire and he soon would become the disre fructifyable Dr. H. H. Holmes, Americas first Serial Killer. He was a small white virile born into a dev tabu Methodist family. Holmes mother Theodate Page footing forced strict ghostlike studies while his father, Levi Horton Mudgett handed protrude the harsh, whole discipline. Holmes had matchless brother and sister. B. Intelligence, Social achievement, social ad up arightment in schooldays Holmes was thought to be unusually intelligent at an early age.With his wide ambition and drive he excelled in school. He attended Gilmanton Acade3my senior high School, University of Vermont for one year, and in 1882 attending University of Michigan Medical School and graduates from medical examination exam school in 1884. It is his time spent at University of Michigan that he develops his lust for blood and becoming immune from death and dismemberment. This is also where he develops and masters the art of scamming and because of this he changes his name to Dr. H. H. Holmes in 1886 to elude creator acquaintances from coming forth with accusations of fraud or death.C. Family structure and environment Holmes was the boy of Levi Horton Mudgett and Theodate Page Price and had a really privileged childhood. The environment of the family unit was that of any family of this era, the 1800s. They raised their children to be good plurality, neer lie, proceeding hard, request for e realthing good and bad, and evermore show respect. Holmes had a brother and sister hardly in that location is no information on them which adopts it difficult to explain nativity order. D. Emotional adjustment in the family Herman Webster Mudgett (Dr. H. H.Holmes) was raised in a very privileged home but under strict and very coordinate circumstances. His relationship with his family was typical of any unfledged boy. He had respect for his family and says that he was healthful trained by loving and religious parents. E. Social/ stirred up adjustment outside the family H. H. Holmes did bring in friends and acquaintances but was very specific near who he would allow to be close. His deceptions started at the age of eight-spot but all were just childish lies that seemed like the simple acts of a young boy.He was disciplined for them but they seemed to be harmless in nature and out of boredom. He befriended his first true friend in college. This friend was a classmate form Canada who he describes as one of the very some intimate friends I have ever allowed myself. Holmes did marry in 1878 to Clara L oering, and then in 1887 married Myrta Belking who he had a daughter with and his last married woman Georgina Yoke in 1894. He managed to be married to all lead without any of them knowing and handled a few cyprianes in between. F. Employment history, adjustment, extend habitsDuring a school vac ation Holmes takes a work as a book agent which turns out to be a fraud and was pay no money at all. He them after graduation he takes many jobs in numerous reads serving as drug storage clerk, asylum attendant, teacher, and doctor to name a few. He opened a practice in Mooers Forks, NY and adhereed for one year doing good and conscientious work with lots of gratitude but little money as a physician. He seemed to get either bored with a job or just did non cast the amount of money he required so he kept his options open moving from state to state to make money however he could.G. Personality style/characteristics Throughout Holmes manners he seemed to be more and more un settled. He could not carry on in one propose for long and his relationships were short but there was incessantly mortal there whether it be one of his wives, an employee, or a mistress. He was extroverted in the sense that he could hold first-string relationships with women and made friends but did no t support them around for long and did not allow too many people to get close at one time. H. Demeanor, appearance and g rooming Holmes was always very well train and had a very sophisticated appearance.Coming from a very privileged, hard working, religious family he kept himself very clean. He was very charming and very attractive so he had no problems with he ladies. He always wore a hat and tie and came across as a well like, trusted businessman. I. Pathological behavior characteristics H. H. Holmes ghoulish problems started at the age of eight with him starting to lie. His lies and scams grew along with his age and by the age of 25 he changed his name to H. H. Holmes to elude accusations from those he lied to and scammed.He sojournd to con and keep in line using his trusting looks and medical degree swindling thousands of dollars from indemnity companies by winning cadavers from medical school, taking insurance policies out on them and telling the insurance that he was a f amily member to collect the money. Holmes was such a pathological liar and has given so many accounts about the number of people he has slayed that to this day the true number is secret. He always required stimulation and a proneness to boredom, and was conning and very manipulative. He had numerous wives and had indiscriminate sexual behavior by having several mistresses.J. Geographic indite Holmes was considered to be a geographically transient serial cause of death. He blendd from state to state cleansing in almost each one. He would move through the states because this was his way to elude capture or being guess of the crimes he committed. After he changed his name in 1886 he settled in Chicago for a while and found a chemists he worked at that was owned by a hubby and wife. The husband owner passed away mysteriously and after the wife signed over the store to Holmes she mysteriously disappeared. H. H. hen built a hotel in conclusion called the go across the street f rom the store that he turned into his killing chambers. The accurate second floor was dedicated and designed with rooms that he put people into and killed. Even though he travelled he always killed close to home or where he worked. The patrons of this hotel would check into the hotel but would never check out. He had honorable access to victims that came to him of their own free set forth alone out of trust. This type of victim search is called the trapper method, and once they arrived he had full control over them and did not let them leave this is called the ambusher attack method.The castling (H. H. Holmes Hotel) K. Psychological Profiling Offender Typologies As an organized offender he was very much in control of what he did to his victims. His crimes were planned out and he was a highly competent individual. The murders that took place at the go, for instance each room was designed specifically to kill the individuals he placed inside. He had gas lines placed into some of the rooms with controls in his room, which was on the third floor, so he could turn the gas on and through a peep hole in the wall of the room watch the victim being gassed to death and plead for their lives.Holmes was known to be very good looking, very charming, and geographically and occupationally mobile which allowed him more hazard to continue to scam and murder. L. Psychological Profiling C/S Typologies being in control of how he killed his victims is a characteristic of an organized offender. no(prenominal) of his killings were sexually motivated which would also make him a comfort-oriented serial killer, someone who kills specifically for personal gain. None of his crime panoramas were chaotic and not tho would Holmes plan out how his victim would expire but he also planned out very carefully how this victim would be given over of.M. Psychological Profiling Offense Characteristics H. H. was completely fascinated with death and the homosexual body. He was also very dr iven by money and utilize this drive to kill to obtain it. As a comfort-oriented serial killer he would con his victims into giving him their money, property, or business then kill them after his profit. The conning of his victims would become his M. O. and his signature would be the way he dismembered and incinerated his victims. Holmes did not take trophies from his victims and the souvenirs he would take from the victim would be their money.He would not keep or take any personal items from the at all. Most of the murders took place in Chicago at the Castle during the worlds bonny in 1893. It started in May of 1893 and ended in October of 1983 and it is estimated that over 20 million people visited the worlds fair from all over the world. As they left their homes to visit Chicago not knowing where to stay their family members did not know their whereabouts either. This made them an easy target because they would not be missed. These people would rent rooms at his hotel and some would stay and leave and others would never be heard from again.He would not need to stage the photo of the crime because no one knew they were there at his hotel. After killing them he would dump them into a chute that lead to the basement where he would dismember them, skin them clean, and sell their skeletons to medical schools for money. Some of them he would make up to $200 a skeleton which in those times was a fortune. Because acid vats, and a crematorium disguised as a fruitcake blowing furnace were Holmes favorite way to dispose of his victims the identification of those bones at the scene was very difficult.The medical examiner could not identify whether they were animal or human bones because the bone fragments were so small. The bones, hair, and teeth found at the scene of where the three children (Alice, Nellie, and Howard Pitezel) he murdered were identifiable by the medical examiner and did lead to Holmes being charged for those with that evidence. There are hardly a few crime scene photos found N. Victimology It is truly unknown as to how many people Holmes has killed. There are at to the lowest degree 50 missing people from the worlds fair that were eventually traced back to Holmes and the Castle. He was not particular about the age or the race of his victims although quite a few of them were female assuming that he used his good looks and charm to earn their trust, con and kill them. every of his mistresses were killed but oddly all of his legitimate wives lived out their lives in full. In 1890 Julia Connor with her daughter Pearl answered a newspaper add to work for Holmes. Julia became his mistress and when she found out she was pregnant she confronted Holmes and demanded marriage. He agreed on the given that he perform an abortion which she agreed to.Julia and her daughter pearl were never heard from again. In 1892 yet another employee and mistress of Holmes, Emiline Cigard, was asked to go into the quint to retrieve papers and was l ocked in and suffocated to death. Two women that were easy targets, did not have family close, and needed work. Then Benjamin Pitezel came along to work for Holmes. Benjamin had a wife, Carrie, and five children. He could not hold down a job for long and was an alcoholic. He needed the job that Holmes provided to take care of his family.Pitezel was Holmes right hand man and was more that aware of his scams. Holmes and Pitezel thought up a life insurance scam that required Pitezel to take out a life insurance constitution and then he would disappear and be classified as absolutely so his wife could collect on it. He told Carrie all about it and she begged him not to do it. After the policy was taken out Ben Pitezel was dead. Holmes made his death look like suicide by the use of chloroform. At that time there was nothing to hear the chloroform so there was no proof.Three of his children, Alice, Nellie, and Howard, met Holmes to identify the body and traveled with him, the childre n were never seen again. Obviously from the murders at the castle not all of the victims were acquaintances. The common theme with all of the victims is that they were all easy targets. Some were not in their own cities and not close to family, some were women alone and needy, some were emotionally unstable, and they were all killed for money. O. Motive The question why is always asked when these types of crimes are committed. In H. H. Holmes object lesson the motive was financial gain.The criminology theory that best describes Holmes is the choice theory. He used at fee will a rational, intelligent last to commit the acts of fraud and murder to dispose of his victims the way he did to continue his fantasies of working on cadavers. P. Conclusion Holmes one mistake is not compensable a fellow inmate that was in on the Pitezel insurance plan the $500 he owed him from when Holmes was briefly incarcerated for fraud. The inmate, Hedgepeth, read in the paper that Pitezel had been kil led and at present told the warden who advised the insurance company.The insurance company contacted Pinkerton Detective Agency and the case began. Holmes was found and arrested by the Pinkerton Detectives on November 17, 1894 in Boston. He was then taken to Moyamensing Prison in Philadelphia and tried for conspiracy to defraud the Fidelity common Life Insurance Company. Holmes pleads guilty and insists that Ben Pitezel committed suicide and made numerous conflicting statements as to where the Pitezel children were located. Soon suspicion grew that Holmes had killed the children which were later found dead and buried.After this was discovered detectives searched Holmes hotel only(prenominal) to find the basement where he dismembered and ruin his victims. at once this information got out amongst the public that Holmes was a murderer he pronto became sensationalized. His case was the case of the century and he was then known at H. H. Homes Americas First Serial Killer. After all of the press the castle was burned to the ground with no reason or no ideas as to who torched it to the ground. sequence Holmes was incarcerated he wanted to be remembered as being innocent so he wrote his own autobiography called Holmes Own Story. His trial started on kinsfolk 23rd, 1895 and was found guilty some months later by a venire of first degree murder and sentenced to death. Holmes would be hanged on May 7, 1896 only nine days short of his 35th birthday. For fear that his brain baron go to medicine men for study he requested he be buried in concrete so no one could dig him up, and he was buried in concrete. To date there is no concrete evidence as to how many people Holmes did actually murder. Profiling Presentation H. H. Holmes Americas First Serial Killer By Traci McCann

Muslim Societies Essay

The misrepresentation of Moslem societies is cipher new, particularly when they ar being cover by the horse opera media. Islamic communities, in reality, span a wider range of traditions and cultures e peculiar(prenominal)ly when compared to Christian communities. Then again, as they are represented by Western media, Islamic communities are bringed as monolithic. This is just star of the many cases that prove how distorted the painting of Islamic communities are.Western media withal tends to consider Muslim pleads as Islamic without nonwithstanding fully comprehending the differences of the ways in which Islam coexists with the state in various nations. It is also authorized to consider the complexness of these interactions which just more than or less Western media fail to realize. To provide a wider persuasion on this issue, a disk authorise Comparing Muslim Societies fellowship and the extract in a macrocosm Civilization, change by Juan R. I. Cole, is pen ned. This take for contains eight quizs from divergent writers across the globe. It also provides the reader several(prenominal) suggestions for further reading.Below is a name of some of the stresss included in the track record and reviews of each essay are as follows First Reviewed Essay Nikki Keddies corporal Culture, Technology and Geography Toward a holistic Comparative Study of the Middle East. This essay is approximately the influence of changing technologies in the development of Middle East narrative. The author argues that it is important for historians to interact with engineers and archaeologists, beca drill this is a more(prenominal) effective way to better control the culture taking place in the Middle East.The author suggests that a historian, when not intimidated by Altusser, Foucault and Freud, will most likely just forget about the main thesis of the written report when elementary topics on textile looms are included. Yet, these naive discussions on tools used in history are highly significant move of the rich history of Islamic communities (Yee, 1992). abet Reviewed Essay Charles Lindholms Quandries of Command in Egalitarian Societies Examples from Swat and Morocco. What Charles Lindholm did to this essay is to set about the challenges of reconciling obvious inequities of power and resources with equalitarian ethos and an egalitarian religion.He do special mention of the Berbers of Morocco and the Swat Pukhtun of Pakistan. What made this essay interesting is his excellent comparisons between the mentioned societies and the unify States because the discrepancies between these groups are highly manifested and seemingly existing (Yee, 1992). Third Reviewed Essay Dale Fickelmans The Art of Memory Islamic preparation and Its Social Reproduction. It is this essay that made readers learn more about the transmission system of learning taking place in Morocco during the first years of the century.In conventional system of edu cation in Islamic communities, rote-learning is highly observed. This aspect of their tradition is neer magnified and often ignored. However, with Dale Eickelmans essay, he showed his readers the more complicated picture of this part of education. He emphasized the idea of rote-learning and cogitate it to the role of this type of practice to a neighborly context. Comparisons were made possible with the use of Western educational traditions and Muslim social systems (Yee, 1992). Comparing Muslim Societies is a book that is nothing short of a genius.What this book caters to are students taking up sociology and anthropology, in particular if they are starting to be introduced to the Islamic world. Then again, since this book has to have a wide readership since it deserves that anyway, this book then also appeals to general readers who want to learn more about Islam and Islamic communities. Readers will be given a more attentive look on a subject such as the representation of Isla m which is the like subject that is given very scrimp attention by mainstream media today.Readers of Comparing Muslim Societies will undoubtedly learn to be more considerate when approaching studies and discussions about Islamic communities. References Cole, J. R. (ed). (1992). Comparing Muslim Societies familiarity and the State in a field Civilization. University of Michigan Press. Yee, D. (1992). Comparing Muslim Societies Knowledge and the State in a World Civilization A Book Review. Danny Yees Book Reviews Website. February 26, 2009, from http//dannyreviews. com/h/Comparing_Muslim_Societies. html.

Discuss attitudes towards food and/or eating behaviour (24 marks) Essay

There are numerous explanations for the unlike attitudes of viands and ingest demeanor. One of the principal(prenominal) explanations is tender skill possible action. This emphasises the strike of notice otherwise masses on our attitudes and behaviour. In name of p take inrnal modelling, it is suggested that children plenty acquire their attitudes towards viands by observing the behaviour of their parents. This is because the children are observing their parents fuck off patterns and on that pointfore the parents are performing as consume office staff models.Children leave notice that their parents are rewarded when they enjoy definite food for thoughts. The children leave alone then imitate these have behaviours as they will expect to kick the bucket rewarded by doing so. Social learn opening then expresses the fact that children their food preferences as a result of secondary reinforcement. As expected, there is a real coefficient of correlation bet ween the diets of parents and their children. Brown and Ogden account consistent correlations between parents and their children in terms of snack-food intake, alimentation motivations and body dissatisfaction.This is support for brotherly teaching system because it is showing that observation in the home during childhood is a earthshaking factor in determining consume behaviour and food attitudes. As swell as this, in an experiment carried prohibited by Duncker (1938), children conserved a series of usance models making food prizes different to their own such as their mother, a friend, an unknown adult and a fictional hero. The findings showed that all the role models had an jar on the childrens subsequent food choices that the unknown adult.Therefore children are much than(prenominal) belike to sample unfamiliar foods afterward they have seen a significant role model (particularly their mother rather than a stranger) eat the food. This thence supports the am ic equal discipline theory explanation because it shows that parental attitudes and behaviour is especially an essential part of the social learning process of food choice and ingest behaviour. Media is another factor that has an cast on our attitudes and behaviour towards food.The role of social learning is evident in the impact of media because without childhood, children are exposed to far-flung food advertising on video destroying to make food seem more attractive. This exposure can be efficacious in developing preferences, however alas it can have detrimental personal effects because the advertised food tends to be broad(prenominal) in fat and carbohydrates which can make for to problems such as child obesity. Children observe role models in the media and due to vicarious reinforcement they are often move to imitate the behaviour that they see.This means that advertisements involving food as well as role models are definitely powerful in shaping peoples food prefer ences. The role of social learning through media effects is supported in a hear by MacIntyre et al. , who found that the media has a major impact both on what we eat, and our attitudes to certain foods. When evaluating social learning as an explanation of attitudes to food and alimentation behaviour, there is quite a lot of seek support. The importance of social learning in attitudes towards food was demonstrated by Meyer and Gast.They surveyed 10-12 socio-economic class old girls and boys and found a significant positive correlation between associate casts and unranked consume. The likeability of peers was considered to be the intimately essential factor in this relationship. However, this study shows that consume behaviour can be knowledgeable through alternative role models other than just our parents. Even though this study shows support, there are still issues with the theory and look into social learning as an explanation of attitudes and eating behaviour.For examp le, most studies and research support use correlations as their main evidence. Although these correlations al base us to study colligate between variables, they do not nurture that one variable causes the other (e. g. media causes unhinge eating). There may be other, extraneous variables that can explain why the co-variables cosmos studied are linked. These studies may therefore lack in internal/ external validity. As well as this, the social learning explanation has been criticised for ignoring other factors that have influenced attitudes to food and eating behaviour.It has been recognised that attitudes towards food are clearly a output of much more than social learning alone. For example, evolutionary explanations of food preferences suggest that our propensity of fatty and sweet food is a direct result of an evolved adaptation among our foreign ancestors over 2 million geezerhood ago. Therefore, we may not be able to completely rely on findings found on social learning theory as there could be m some(prenominal) other factors that are contributing to our eating behaviour. Another explanation for our attitudes to food and eating behaviour is our sensory system.Low mood can often result in comfortableness eating, and poor mood besides seems to influence thrust eating behaviour. Davis et al (1988) showed that low mood often preceded binge eating in bulimics. The same seems to apply in those with no known eating disorder. Students were asked to record their mood and eating habits over a two week period. Days that include binge eating tended also to be days of low mood, but significantly, binge eating did nothing to improve mood afterwards. So although we may binge when tidy sum it seems to do little to make us feel better.This influence of mood on our eating behaviours is supported by Garg et al. who conducted a study that focused on the impact of different brings on mood and therefore eating behaviour. They observed food choices of 38 partici pants as they watched either an upbeat, funny film or a sad, depressing one. Participants were offered buttered popcorn and seedless grapes throughout the films. They found that those ceremonial occasion the sad film consumed 36% more popcorn than those watching the upbeat film, but the upbeat film group ate a lot more grapes.Garg et al. reason out that people who feel sad or depressed are more likely to go for a snack that tastes trustworthy in order to escape their negative mood. Happy people want to go through their upbeat mood and so claim to eat healthier foods. Even though there is support for mood influencing our eating behaviour, it is unclear why a binge-eating succession as a result of low mood is reinforcing for the individual, especially as any benefit appears to be brief at best. Many studies have also reported a mood decrement in individuals immediately after their binge.In terms of IDA, gender bias is an issue with most studies focusing on attitudes towards food and eating behaviour. These studies mainly focus on except womens attitudes to eating behaviour, particularly in terms of body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. However, a large number of studies have also shown that in men, homosexuality is a risk of infection factor in development of disordered eating attitudes and levels of dieting. This suggests that studies that concentrate only on women offer a limited spot of attitudes of food and eating behaviour and their findings will not be reliable if they were to be generalised to the population as a whole.