Microbiology Study Guide Chapter Essay Example for Free

Microbiology Study Guide Chapter EssayFood Production 1. Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, 2. genus Saccharomyces cerevisiae B. Oxygen production C. Nitrogen Fixation D. Decomposition E. Bioremediation F. Antibiotics G. Biotechnology and research H. Normal flora I. Pathogens (malaria parasite, E. coli, Salmonella, Clostridium) IV. The get windd of Microorganisms A. Spontaneous Generation revisited 1. Francesco Redi 2. Lazzaro Spallazani 3. Louis Pasteur 4. John Tyndall B. If not Spontaneous Generation, then what? 1. Ferdinand Cohn 2. Robert Koch Chapter 3 Microscopy Staining I. What can we see with a microscope? A.Micrometer B. Nanometer II. History of Microscopy A. Robert Hooke B. Anton van Leeuwenhoek III. Principles of Microscopy A. Total Magnification B. Resolution/Resolving spot 1. Wavelength 2. Numerical aperture C. Refraction/Refractive index D. Contrast IV. Light Microscope /Bright field Microscope A. Parts and functions 1. Oculars 2. Objectives/Revolving noseband 3. St age 4. Condenser Iris diaphragm 5. Adjustment knobs- Course, fine, condenser and stage B. Principles of negatron microscopy (transmission and scanning electron microscopes). V. Staining Techniques A.Smear Preparation B. Types of dyes basic, acidic C. Types of Staining Procedures 1. Simple fleck 2. Positive and Negative scrapeing 3. Differential staining a. Gram stain b. Acid-fast stain 4. Structural stains a. Capsule stain b. Endospore stain c. Flagella stain Lecture Chapter 3 Prokaryotic Cell I. Shape A. Coccus B. Bacillus (rod) C. Coccobacillus D. Vibrio E. spirilla F. Spirochete II. Arrangements A. For cocci 1. Chains or Streptococci arrangement 2. Packets (tetrads (4 booths) or 8 cells (Sarcinae)) 3. Clusters or staph arrangementB. For bacilli- Single, irregular, stacked or fibriled rods III. External Extensions A. Flagella in Gram negative bacteria 1. Components immoral body, Hook, Filament 2. Arrangement (Mono, Lopho, Amphi or Peri) trichous 3. Movement Chemotaxis, Phototaxis, Aerotaxis, Magnetotaxis B. Axial filaments (endoflagella) C. Attachment pili (Fimbriae) D. Sex pilus IV. Layers/Coverings A. Glycocalyx Capsule, Slime mould B. Cell hem in Peptidoglycan, NAG and NAM 1. Gram positive- Teichoic- (TA) and lipoteichoic acids (LTA) 2.Gram negative- outer membrane made of endotoxin -Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), periplasm 3. No cell wall- Mycoplasma C. Cytoplasmic (cell) membrane 1. Components Phospholipid bilayer, Fluid Mosaic model 2. Passive transport a. Simple diffusion b. Osmosis 1)hypertonic 2)Hypotonic 3)Isotonic c. Facilitated diffusion 3. Active transport a. Major Facilitator family transporters use proton motive force b. alphabet transporters- use ATP as energy c. Group translocation 4. Energy production a. Electron Transport chain b. Proton Motive Force V.Internal Structures A. DNA as a Single chromosome in a Nucleoid contribution B. Plasmids and transfer of plasmids (conjugation) C. Ribosomes D. Storage Granules Glycogen, Volu tin, Poly-? -hydroxybutyrate, sulfur E. Gas vacuoles (vesicles) F. Endospores 1. Formation of Endospore-sporulation a. Core Dipicolonic acid + Ca2+, DNA enzymes b. Core Wall Cortex peptidoglycan + muramic lactam c. Spore coat keratin-like protein 2. Germination Return to Vegetative State 3. Location terminal, lateral, central