The Concept of Cultural Diversity is Society Assignment

The Concept of Cultural Diversity is Society - appellative ExampleAs Jane Elliotts Blue look/Br experience Eyes experiment teaches, there are some criteria of tubercle like racism and prejudice. Racism and Classism which are inextricably tied together are the cardinal most common criteria of conceptualization of social class. David Wellman defines racism as a trunk of advantage base on go. (Wellman1977). Color is the other main criterion that determines the social class and this may well be defined as the diction do between people on the basis of the color of their skin. The advocate of the m wizardy that one owns also determines the social class of the person and thus we have the rich and the poor. In modern society we see the rich becoming the richer and the poor the poorer. All these elements go into the making up of the social classes.A. Two of the basic distinctions that we find in the social class system are that of race and ethnicity. These are the two major kinds of class discriminations that we face in modern society, especially in the US. racial free radical and ethnic root, often considered as the same, have many similarities as well as differences. out front we make the detailed distinction between the two, let it be marked that any kind of distinction made on the basis of race and ethnicity is the most harmful situation in the world today. The Blue Eyes/Brown Eyes experiment of Jane Elliott teaches us how important it is to rise above the barriers of such distinctions made on the basis of race, color, ethnicity, and so on. Nobody is more privileged than others on the basis of the color of the skin, the ethnic group or the particular race or class one belongs to. Let us also remember the great voice of Martin Luther King who pleaded for the racial equality of all the people. History is cluttered with the wreckage of nations and individuals who pursued the self-defeating path of hate. (Sklar 1997).There are striking similarities between racism and ethnicity. A racial group is one that is distinguished from that of other groups on the basis of some well defined and salient features of its own. This type of compartmentalisation is a general categorization on the basis of color and other types of distinction. On the other hand, when we tell about an ethnic group, we are particularly identifying the distinction based on the individual cultural side of that community or group. The members of an ethnic group identify themselves on the basis of their descent, ancestry, and lineage. They have a distinction on the basis of the culture, religion, language and other characteristics. Thus, in the racial discrimination of the Blacks from the Whites, we see the racial group formula working out. In the case of particular ethnic group existing on its own to sideline the other cultural, national, and racial groups we find the distinction based on the individual ethnicity. The impact of these differences whether it is racial or ethnic begins even at a very young age. The racial caste system is a way of life that subjugates one race of the community to another. Jim Crow was such a racial caste system and under this system, the Afro-Americans were treated as the second class citizens.

Analysis the case of business law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Analysis the case of business law - Essay standardhe employer and his/her employees is vital not only for resolving any potential employment disputes in futurity but for the benefit of the both parties as well. It is mandatory as per the employment law of the country which prescribes the memorial the sole proof for ones employment with an employer. The law states that a produce of employment is primarily referred to as a contract of service and is governed by general contractual principles as well as employment law principles and is therefore legally binding. There be two conventions in which an employment contract can come into force, namely Expressed Contract and Implied Contract.Expressed contract is always preferred as there is compose document with the employer and employee as to the relationship between them. An expressed employment contract whitethorn be prepared specifically as a document for the purpose or the employment kick in book may be used for the purpose. Emp loyers usually would like to add some clauses in the written contract that protect them from the threat of employees entering into business with competitors.Unlike expressed contract, implied contract does not hold any written/documented employment terms. Here, the terms of employment between the employee and employer is understood by implications. This form of contract is suggested for employment for which there is no need for any written contract as a base for future decision making. In this context, a point to be noticed is that unless otherwise expressed, the employees are obliged to work for the employer with due diligence and in such a context, the implied terms includes the followingAs stated earlier, the contract of employment is mandatory as per law and the legislation which make it compulsory is the practice session Rights Act, 1996 (ERA) and the Act says that where an employee begins employment with an employer, the employer shall give to the employee a written statemen t of particulars of his employment within two months of the informant of

NASA General Aviation Propulsion (GAP) Diesel Engine Research Paper

NASA command melodic line actuation (GAP) Diesel Engine - Research Paper ExampleNASAs General Aviation Propulsion (GAP), started in the 2000, is one of the curriculums that have pioneered to revolutionize the aviation industry and transform the emergence of locomotive locomotives of future. The invention of the program is to develop an innovative engine which ushers in affordability, comfort and reduced cost for the aviation industry. The new engine is to reduce noise and vibrations and load on pilot for monitoring the plane, thereby adding great comforts to the passengers.The aim of the paper is to discuss on GAP programme implications in the aviation industry and describe the working(a) and usage of two engines developed as a part of the project. The paper also analyzes the challenges faced during the development and aviation industry in general. The advantages of new engines in terms of cost and efficiency have been dealt in detail in the paper. The new programme has been developed by NASA in collaboration with Advanced General Aviation Transport Experiment (AGATE).The GAP engine runs on 200 HP, liquid cooled, two dead reckoningd engine that runs on jet fuel. The engine is expected to cost half the price of conventional engines of 200 HP. This would enlighten the new engines a major success in terms of fuel efficiency by decline in the dependency for leaded gasoline thereby improving maintenance, passenger comfort and ease of use. Teledyne Continental Motors, Aerosance Cirrus Design, Hartzell Propeller, Lancair and Mod Works together partnered with NASA to develop diesel engine, an advanced piston engine. Although being with child(p) diesel engines are the reliable engines which combine technologically advanced construction coupled with two stroke engine. The GAP diesel engines offers noise and vibration free facility to the passengers with low speed propellers, feasible engineering to use.With less than one-fourth of fuel consumption as compare d to the current engines, the new GAP engines offer reliability, comfort, and greater control over the design and process

Human resources case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human resources - Case ascertain Example115). Joan has her hands full in this scenario because she suspects that Fred is sabotaging work to make Joan look bad. As the director Joan should straight confront Fred about his improper behavior. If Fred denies the wrongdoing then Joan should document the meeting and take the matter her superiors in order to discuss a possible termination of Freds contract because Fred has become a obligation for the company and an employee who is not trustworthy.Sometimes people claim that they are racial discriminated at work. Discrimination is a serious offence that is not acceptable in the workplace. In this case study a woman, commiseration Wittman, claims she was fired due to racial discrimination. The employer of the woman claims that the woman was fired due to a horrible drop off of absenteeism and tardiness. The bank must show the EEOC all the evidence of all the times Ruth was absent and advanced during her two years at the company. Due to th e fact that the bank claims Ruth had the worse track memorialise of absenteeism and tardiness the bank must proof with written documentation that this claim is true. If I was the EEOC director my decision would be to disregard the claim made by Ruth. First of all the evidence shows she was late and absent much than any other employees. It is common for people that do not show up to work or show up to work late to be fired. The claim that she was given more workload than others is potentially false since the company gives work out randomly. If the firm has a no talking with other workers form _or_ system of government the employees should abide by the rules.Jack Otto is the supervisor of a store fixture manufacturing company. He is a employ employee, but he is facing a tough challenge with one of his welders, Bob Hill. Bob has continuously had a bit of absenteeism problem and is often late to work. Lately his tardiness has gotten

Diagnosis Related Groups Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Diagnosis Related Groups - Essay ExampleA persevering is assigned this category of DRG when all the operating populate functions performed on this patient are unrelated to the major diagnostic category of the patients principal diagnosis. DRG 468 thus pays for discharge in which the patient undergoes an operating room procedure entirely unrelated to this admissions principal diagnosis. This is against the PPS classification of discharges of clinically coherent groups. Although this is possible in many cases, DRG 468 can be an example of DRG creep. The attending physician may misspecify the principal diagnosis, secondary diagnosis, or the procedure on the attestation sheet. It can also be the result of mis cryptogram, where the infirmary assigns an incorrect numeric edict to the diseases or procedures which had been correctly attested by the physician in charge. In some cases to avoid investigation, the hospital may substitute a secondary diagnosis for the correct principal diagn osis. Therefore for appropriation of facts, auditing and refreshen is necessary that would identify discharges in which coding rules are either ignored or not apply appropriately.DRG 468 is assigned when all the operating room procedures are unrelated to the major diagnostic category for which the patient had been admitted. Most often, these patients are admitted with a principal diagnosis that does not need any surgery. ... To assess the appropriateness, the ICD-9-CM coding guidelines should be applied to do the initial coding and for auditing if such has been use. The principal diagnosis is always the crusade for admission, which should be backed by records indicating circumstances at admission, diagnostic workup, and therapy provided. The scenario is not an admission of the patient to cross twain conditions, it is rather two conditions present during admission. While auditing and reviewing, it is to be determined whether the principal diagnosis was the cause for admission a nd treatment. If at admission, there were more than one diagnoses, use of guidelines for selecting the principal diagnosis would be used with consideration of circumstances at admission, diagnosis workup, and the therapy provided. The principal procedure essential be performed for definitive treatment, not for diagnostic purposes, exploratory purposes, or for a complication. If there are two procedures done, then the one to the highest degree related to the principal diagnosis would be selected as the principal procedure. The procedure must be operative as defined by the Uniform Hospital Discharge Data Set would be used, and for this to qualify, it must be surgical under anesthesia with the operator being specially trained. The audit must get wind at the detailed documentation in the medical record. There must be enough trial impression and substantiation that it was medically necessary. The coding should be done from the narrative description of the procedure, not from the writ ten deed of the procedure. The approach and closure of the procedure are integral part of one significant procedure, not two separate

Cross Cultural Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Cross pagan Relations - Essay ExampleSince the beginning of the humankind history, there were many groups of passel or individuals that travel to foreign countries for multiple purposes for work, getting education, teaching someone, to entertain or provided to change the place of residence. Diaries of the around famous travelers, such as Christopher Columbus and Marco Polo are full of descriptions devoted to what the scientists now c all(prenominal) finish contact. (Hoerder)With rapid scientific and technological progress, advanced means of communication and transport, more and more people travel abroad, and the range of purposes they tend to achieve, enlarged as well. Many people now travel to overlap organizational and business experience, study abroad to come back home, many people travel just to see and study cultural background of other countries, some of them come to other countries with peace missions. Unfortunately, governmental and economical conditions in many count ries of the world make many people move abroad as immigrants or refugees. But, regardless of the travel purposes, the notions of cultural contact and cultural shock are relevant for all categories of travelers. (Hoerder)Before examining this phenomenon its requirement to give a strict definition of it. At first, its necessary to mention that there are some titles to define this phenomenon cross cultural relations, between bon ton culture-contact, cross-cultural interaction etc. Here is the definition of this phenomenon provided by Bochner between nine culture-contact refers to individuals who travel beyond their countries of origin for a particular purpose and for a specified period of time, and the relationships they establish with members of the host society. (1986, p.23) There are also some necessary landmarks used to describe these relations, for instance sojourner. This term is used to refer to culture travellers, indicating that they are temporary visitors intending to retu rn home after

What Is Authenticity In The Era Of Digital Technology Research Paper

What Is authenticity In The Era Of Digital Technology - interrogation Paper ExampleCommunication in the take age also known as digital colloquy is not one by which study is shared between two throng as it is only reflective of exchange of data. Cellular phones which were seldom seen only a few years back are now seen everywhere providing excellent operator of facilitated communication between people and the Internet has also played a revolutionary role in helping people access anything in the world through only a few clicks. Research has repeatedly stressed that teen involvement in diametric types of electronic activities like chatting either via cellular phones or the internet has increased to such an extent that the youth presently has become extremely obsessional with using various communicative media. Burges interrogation is worth mentioning here as it deals with highlighting how people in relationships engage in emotional communication via different media like the intern et, cellular phones, and visual texts. This research is based on contemplating how applied science influences the coordination between two people in a relationship. For this purpose, peoples behavior when they interact via communicative media is observed and later assessed with the help of their internal experiences. The purpose of this research stem is also to evaluate the relationship between technology and communication in an attempt to answer the larger question of what is authenticity in the present digital age. Just like the Industrial revolution brought just about an immense change in the lives of workers, the technology also in the present age has totally changed the fashion of communication. It has enormously changed the way people communicate with each other and even impacted their emotions. This is because sociological, psycholinguistic, and interpersonal studies raise that people have non-information related goals in moment to moment interaction (Clark, cited in Bu rge). Non-information related goals signify to the desire to convey or communicate emotion which becomes especially important when people engage in close bonding. The researchers debating on the subject of authenticity in the present era of digital technology very much carry research to find out if current communication technologies support a full ordinate of communication activities and purposes, most notably the communication of emotion? (Burge). The need to realize the impact produced by different communicative media on the communication of emotions should be acknowledged by everyone. It is argued that authenticity is constrained by digital communication as this form of communication does not support a wide range of communication purposes like conveying emotions. This is because people increasingly fake their true identities when communicating via Internet mediums like Facebook or MySpace because they feel insecure about sharing their real feelings otherwise. Not only that tee nagers have become accustom to using IMs to communicate with each other, research has it that many companies have found that employees benefit from text-based interactions as a result of introducing instant messaging systems into the workplace (Erickson and Kellogg, cited in Burge). Such changed pattern of communication thanks to the far-flung use of mobile phones and the internet has led to the development of a new way of building relationships. The construct of online dating is just one product of this new pattern of technology influenced communication. People in the overaged age had to practically meet somewhere or write letters to each other to raise relationship as a way of getting to know each other. This all changed with the advent of technology because now people enjoy the limitless freedom of communicating with each other though they may be separated by thousands of miles. There are limitless opportunities now available to

Revolutionizing the Retail Sector Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Revolutionizing the Retail Sector - Case Study ExampleThis scheme enabled merchants to changeover only part that needed upgrade unlike the whole system in previous system. Motherboard and hard disk are removable for maintenance and upgrading to match with the latest and high carrying out brand. This makes retailers easily acquire high performance technologies while keeping conformations and fixings. This design accrued downtime and minimized cost and maintenance time. Blades can king and unite a variety of devices that enabled retailers to try new technologies while in store (Parry, 2011). These solutions offered by DigiPoS, are good to the retailers compared to the later system that did shut down for a complete changeover. Changing the only parts of a system which needs upgrade is a great achievement as it allows the retailers report serving their client and no losses due to change over or loss of reputation. Since DigiPoS produced both hardware and packet, an alternati ng(a) of implementing the new technology could be, control a robust type of hardware that most software upgrades could non affect the performance of the whole system (Parry, 2011). DigiPoS could have made the hardware energy efficient with the inevitable high technology capabilities and customize their software to offer solutions to the upgrade of their system unlike the hardware upgrades which caused conclusion of retailers businesses due to changeover of systems. This can be a good solution to the issue of upgrade. Make software upgrades match with the latest technology and only upgrade hardware at rare conditions with backups to enable retailers continue with their businesses unlike the later where they had to shut down for each upgrade. Most a times, upgrade of software does not affect much the performance of a system though change of configurations and compatibility might change. Quantum blade system is an upgrade of retail blade system with increased condition efficiency and increased performance. Quantum blade runs on SSD made by Intel compared to retail blade that used rotating hard disk drives. These SSD used in quantum blade systems has no spinning parts and this increases the reliability and productivity of the systems. Quantum blade has a 60% reduction of power consumption compared to retail blade that increases the return on investment. Unlike retail blade systems, quantum blade have reduced carbon footprint, which saves a lot of cost. With better heat dissipation, there is a further decrease of the cost of ownership with the quantum blade systems. Quantum has a 30 percent increase in performance compared to the retail blade due to the introduction of the new processor. The storage of data in quantum has increased volumes due to insolent drives added compared to retails blade (Digipos, 2013). Both quantum and retail blade systems have low consumption of power and decreased downtime. They to a fault offer little time for upgrade or replacemen t as hard disk, power supply, and motherboard in both technologies. Furthermore, both have a higher reliability due to the fan less power supply and capability of connecting a variety of devices powered by the Blade. Data storage and diagnostics due to the use of diskette on component flash drives. In addition, both systems have the capability of acclivity on different locations depending on retailers wish (DigiPoS Store Solutions, 2013). Several methods said to facilitate reduce the cost of owner

Autonomous intelligent agent topic tracking system Dissertation

Autonomous intelligent agent topic tracking system - speech ExampleThe researcher states that technology has forever changed the way journalists approach their careers, but there confirm those proverbial bumps in the road. For instance, Google found itself with a bit of quagmire following the 9/11 attacks on the plug in States. People were using keywords that they were hoping would put them right where they needed to be for the must up to date information. Unfortunately, Google as a search engine couldnt meet the demands and a worse, the search engine just didnt know what to do with these unfamiliar strings of words. For the first time, the network failed people both those hungry for newsworthiness and those eager to get their columns in before deadline. A key component in the globalization of the serviceman economy involves the transfer of intellectual material across borders. Access to new ideas and information is an important bureau of development in most economies. Today, convey to the Internet, the flow of information is much easier intellectual ideas and property understructure be exchanged across borders close instantaneously. Except perhaps in china where government officials resist access not only to man-to-man web sends, but to entire search engines. While Chinas leaders recognize the hold dear of the Internet as a tool for building frugal competitiveness and technology capabilities, they have completed what is known as the Great Firewall to filter what Chinese citizens female genitalia read on the Web, and effectively assign the Communist Partys grip on power.... Today, thanks to the Internet, the flow of information is much easier intellectual ideas and property gutter be exchanged across borders almost instantaneously. Except perhaps in China where government officials block access not only to individual web sites, but to entire search engines. While Chinas leaders recognize the value of the Internet as a tool for building econ omic competitiveness and technology capabilities, they have established what is known as the Great Firewall to filter what Chinese citizens can read on the Web, and effectively maintain the Communist Partys grip on power. This paper discusses how Chinas limitation on free access to the Internet influences the countrys ability to achieve meaningful economic progress. The chief operating officer of AltaVista, one of the search engines banned by the Chinese government, noted that censorship is not compatible with his mess of free global access to information and has stated that he will not screen his sites content to cater to Chinese officials. Yahoo Inc.s Chinese portal in limit has pledged to censor itself. This paper supports Yahoo Inc.s decision and the contention that the current Chinese internet policy has helped the economy in achieving exponential economic growth. Chinas policy in the circumstance of technology during the last fifteen years has highlighted the undeniable rea lity of how a global power can adopt a need to use basis approach in strengthening internet limitations and censorship. Theorists have often felt that the main objective of adopting this policy is principally accounted for by the desire to strengthen case sovereignty and to enhance economic development. Obviously, these are two

The effective usage of HRM principles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The effective usage of HRM principles - Essay ExampleThe immensity of HRM has already been recognised by virtually any company which follows western standards of business. It is clear that its performance depends not only on hard and attenuating work of its personnel, but also on the human side of the employees, their competence, motivation, attitudes, communicating and other variables HRM is the core of companys general efficiency and the basis for effective management (Gunnigle et al, 2002 12). In a correspondent vein Beardwell (2003 15) believes that despite the visible simplicity, the area of HRM is exceptionally complex due to potentially unpredictable spirit of human resources. If a company fails to properly and effectively manage its human resources in the right areas of the business, at the right time and at the right cost, serious inefficiencies are likely to arise creating considerable operable difficulties and likely business failure (Beardwell, 2003).Originally emerge d in 1960s, the paradigm of HRM relied, however, on previous researches and findings of organizational scientists. As Alan Price (2000 62) states the concept of HRM ...hasnt come out of nowhere as there is a long tale of attempts to achieve an understanding of human behaviour in the workplace. Throughout the whole XX century and counterbalance earlier both practitioners and scholars attempted to design the theories explaining human behaviour at work and the ways to mature its effectiveness. A number of organizational theories brought to life the principles of HRM in 1960s-1970s. Though many of modern HRM principles have been already developed by this time, the year of HRM official birth is 1981 when Harvard Business School introduced a course that served a blueprint for global spread of human resource planning and management (Price, 2000 64). A good cortical potential into the value of HR related programs is provided by Schuler (1990 52-54). He emphasizes that the HR function ha d an opportunity to shift from being an employee advocate (associated with personnel management) to a member of the management team. Schulers (1990) view was that this required HR professionals to be concerned with the bottom line, profits, organizational effectiveness and business survival. In other words, human resource issues should be addressed as business issues. It is noteworthy that emergence of HRM chimed with decay of heavy industry and development of advance(a) IT business. write up (2001 18-34) believes that emergence of HRM contributed greatly to an ever-greatest since industrial revolution shift in the principles of management. HRM encouraged both managers and employees to bring about rid of traditional patterns of interaction, outdated ideas of motivation, stereotypes, assessment and appraisal. Managers as well stop being the mentors and executioners and turned to be the members of business teams. Introduction of HRM principle has made modern companies more competi tive, dynamic and people-friendly that consequently influenced their efficiency and marketability. Storey (2001 18) argues that HRM caused what was later called a new managerialism - a new look on organization, the ways it functions and succeeds and the way its employees work. irrespective of global recognition of HRM, many managers are still

Social issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

brotherly issues - Essay ExampleIf the figure of 200 000 backstreet miscarriages is used (assuming that it is accurate which highly questionable) and these backstreet abortions are now performed licitly, consequently this exit personify the state R200 million a year cypher similarly that the abortion change magnitude 16 fold in the USA when it was legalised - from 100 000 to 1,6 million a year.1 Can the Health plane section cope with thisIn terms of the thrift, abortion undermines future growth. It is still too early for us to forecast the effects now, but the disastrous consequences are going to be visable very soon. A recent weigh shows that abortion is going to be an economic disaster. The report calculates that for every European and American who is aborted, it monetary values their economy $1 5000 000. In terms of todays (1994) money adjusted to present value, the average American or European spends over $1 177 000 in his lifetime in terms of housing, medicine, cloth es, transport and so on. He also pays over $440 000 in taxes in his lifetime. This makes $1 617 000 in total. So this means that the doctor may adhere $300 for murdering that baby which immediately helps the abortion industry. However, there are other industries that will be adversely affected. The cost to America alone of their aborted babies is well over $41 trillion These figures are too cosmic for any of us to grasp, but understand that Americas entire deficit is $4 trillion, while their abortions will cost 10 times more than even the total debt of America. What will the cost for South Africa be22. Backstreet Abortions Increase leave those who perform these abortions wear either the equipment or the knowledge to deal with complications that may occur Count the cost in terms of money and human lives that will result from botched legal abortions.Speaking onward the 93rd Congress of the US, Senator James Buckley stated Data from foreign countries having far longer experience wi th legalised abortion than we have had in the US, suggest that legalisation has no effect on the criminal abortion rate. In at least three countries, the criminal abortion rate has actually risen since legalisation. Legalised abortion moves the back road abortionists into the front office where their trade can be practised without fear of criminal prosecution.3Dr Christopher Tietze, an abortion advocate, concedes Although one of the major goals of the liberalisation of abortion laws in Scandinavia was to reduce the incidence of illegal abortion, this was not accomplished. sort of as we know from a variety of sources, both criminal and total abortions increased. original emphasis4Regardless of whether abortions are legal or not, some women will have abortions and some women will die from complications. Certainly all the babies will die. However, legalising abortion greatly increases the number of abortions. In various surveys 40-85% of the women said they would not have aborted the ir babies if it had been illegal. 5 We moldiness not legalise procedures that kill the innocent just to make the killing process less dangerous.3. Parallels amidst Abortion & SlaverySlavery in centuries past and abortions in this century were defended and promoted by the same arguments. Consider the case in the USA In 1857, in the Dred Scott case, the US Supreme Court decided, by a 7 to 2 majority, that according to the US Constitution, black

You Are An Investment Analyst Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

You Are An Investment Analyst - look for Examplealysis of their financial statements will enable potential investors and creditors to familiarize themselves with the growth and potential growth of the companies.The drunkenness market is very broad and diverse. It can range from water, soda, juice or even milk. They can be hot or cold wassails or even alcoholic substances. However, not all yields in the deglutition world compete in the market as aggressively as carbonated soft tipsinesss brands. These hold Coca-cola and Pepsi.Coca-cola is a drink that requires no introduction. It is enjoyed by most countries all over the world with the exception of a few. It is almost the most available and unique brand all over the world currently. Coca-cola has more than angiotensin converting enzyme billion consumers per day. Nearly half of all soft drinks sold in the world are a product of Coca-cola. Its most important soft drinks brands include Fanta, Coke, Sprite, Lilt, and Diet coke. Dr . John Styth Pemberton, a pill pusher in Atlanta, Georgia conceived Coca-cola in the year 1886. He produced the syrup used in the carbonated drink in a brass pot in his backyard. Superintendent Alex Samuelson, born in Sweden collected introduction ideas revolving around the contents of the drink. He researched and created protrudes which he then passed on to The Root Glass Companys supervisor, Earl Dean who approved the shape of the bottle in 1916. The design was exclusive and thus an icon was created. The design was distinctive and thus could not be imitated as it was a copyright.Pepsi-Cola was founded in the summer of 1898 in parvenu Bern, North Carolina by a youthful pharmacist named Caleb Bradham. Caleb drew customers to his drugstore by providing them with this refreshing drink that he created himself. He made major sales which led him to forming a company and to market the product globally. In 1902, Caleb launched Pepsi-Cola Company and received a government grant in the U S on June 16, 1903. dickens years later, he contracted two people to bottle the product to

A New World for Women Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

A New World for Women - Essay ExampleMoreover, the history of American women also motivates present-day(prenominal) generation to become productive and beneficial for the American society. Answer No 2 When I conceptualize of an American woman, a very constructive and positive image comes to my mind. As far as my observations just about American women are concerned, they are the most hardworking, talented, generous, and attractive women in the whole world. They not only furnish proper attention towards their personal lives but also work with full dedication and commitment in their professional lives. An American woman is also religious and spiritual. She goes to church and does her best to live and treat others right field (Richardson, 2010). I have personally contacted many American women and have found them generous, style-oriented, and intelligent. The best thing I can say about American women is that when they are at homes, they are perfect wives and mothers, and when they ar e at work, they are perfect professionals. References Richardson, R. (2010). Why African American Women Are Right For You - Part 2?. Retrieved from http//ezinearticles.com/?Why-African-American-Women-Are-Right-For-You---Part-2&id=5410190

Relationship Between Argetina and the International Monetary Fund Essay

Relationship Between Argetina and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) - Essay ExampleThe higher(prenominal) a countrys foreign debt level, the greater are the chances of default. According to World Bank, the Latin American Countries (LAC) would need US $ 60 million annually during 1991-2000 period. This translates into higher borrowing, higher debts and debt servicing. Budget cuts were immediately felt at the outside(a) financial institutions like the Asian Development Bank (ADB), International Monetary Fund (IMF), which decreased attack to officially supported credits. Global interest rates rose, which further increased foreign debts. Mexico, Brazil and genus Argentina could not sustain the scotch growth and lurched from one financial crisis to another (Elstrodt, Lenero, and Urdapilleta). Debt has been the largest source of capital flows in the developing countries but despite that, economic development has not been successful. The causes and consequences of such debts have bee n the subject of argumentation over the years. This paper will examine the severity of Argentinas debt and the relationship between Argentina and the IMF.During the Great picture of the 1930s, UK and France too had defaulted on the debt repayments but the problems in debt repayments in Latin American can be go out back to 1914 when Mexico suspended its payments (Dodd). Owing to a series of corrupt regimes, Argentina has experienced severe economic declines. In 1956, a group of wealthy nations met in Paris to find a solution to the looming debt problems of Argentina. In the 1970s, large amount of lending to Latin America was in the form of syndicate banks loans. Brady Bonds helped in the debt restructuring plow and the Brady plan proposed exchanging the loans for bonds that would allow the debt to be traded in financial markets where it would be priced at market value.Macroeconomic wariness is essential if the country is to attain sustained growth. Argentina, besides pegging the peso to the US dollar at likeness in

English Composition Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

English Composition - Research Proposal ExampleQuestions extradite arisen as to what extent society allow for allow unabated materials to be published on the internet. The coiffure varies depending on which society of the world is deciding and in what context such as the restriction of expectant content to minors. Based upon its level of use in current society, it is safe to say that the internet will become even more integrated into everyday liveness of individuals throughout the world in the old age to come.The internet is a dynamic tool for communication and an open forum for whatever material could be imagined available to anyone with a connection. It is continually evolving. Cutting edge technology of today will go the management of vacuum tubes in televisions. The existing Internet is built on technology meant for a different age. only when as circuit switches are remnants of the by generation of communication, so will routers be remnants of a past internet (Dzubeck, 2 000). Developing countries, specifically those that dont enjoy freedom of speech rights, will hit their own internets which will likely interconnect with other networks, such as the current interest in a spider web type relationship. Email is free and instantaneous causing its use by business and individuals to grow at a phenomenal rate over the past decade. Few muckle write letters or read the parolepaper as these are seemingly archaic methods of communication. uncomplete provides instant information, a tool that is today essential for businesses to compete and simply a fact of life that is taken for granted for most in the U.S. Nowadays, we think nothing of emailing our aunts in Germany and getting an answer book binding within minutes, or seeing the latest streaming video full of up to the minute news (Boswell, 2006).One of the biggest consumer trends in the 21st century is a steady increase in the number of consumers departure online to make

United Steel Workers of America and Kaiser Aluminum Essay Example for Free

united Steel Workers of America and Kaiser Aluminum EssayThe issue of discrimination has pervaded many aspects of sociable life. Women, minorities, and unwanted individuals normally suffered from either institutional or bigot discrimination. Because discrimination rests on the twin principles of racial superiority (or its equivalent, the so-called white mans burden) and conservatism, it usually transcends beyond what is perceived and indicated. difference, thitherfore, is sometimes not evident and consequential. Discrimination is the direct manifestation of behavior and psychological outlook of individuals, groups, and even institutions.Thus, discrimination can virtually be found in all aspects of social life in the family, in the workplace, and in government so long as the society in oecumenical promotes discrimination both on the individual and institutional levels. Case Summary In 1998, the Kaiser Aluminum and Chemical Corporation and the United Steelworkers of America engaged in bargaining which led to prolonged and almost intractable labor affray. On September 18, 2000, the two-year scratch up ended, after a binding arbitration.About 3000 workers were involved in the strike. Five plants were affected. The major issues which lead to the dispute are as follows 1) the company decided to allow budgetary cuts in bargaining unit business organizations 2) there was substantial elimination of supplemental and local agreements and 3) there was a intent which reserved 50% of the lendable jobs in the company to African-Americans. Kaiser argued that it needed to institute several productivity improvements because it was a medium-sized aluminum producer approach tight competitive issues.However what enraged the totality is the proposal which reserved 50% of the available jobs in the company to minorities, especially African-Americans. The proposal was generally beneficial to the company because it could theoretically replace union-affiliated employees with employees of minority background. The union saw the move as a general alibi for budgetary cuts in bargaining job units. The Ethical Issue From a moral point of view, the proposal is justified. The proposal not only dispenses permeant justice (this is justice based on opportunity) but also allows affirmative action on the subdivision of the employees.It can therefore be argued that the proposal is an extension of the equal opportunity clause of scotch liberalism. By reserving 50% of available jobs to African-Americans, the proposal is essentially increasing the marginal opportunity of such group with delight in to other groups. The counterargument which states that the proposal induces discrimination on the part of whites (reverse discrimination) is wholly inaccurate. The proposal only decreases the opportunities available to whites it does not impinge on the right of the whites to equal employment.Perhaps, it may be helpful to employ a historic point of view in analyzing t he validity and soundness of the counter argument. For almost three centuries, the minorities (especially the African-Americans) suffered from economic inequities. many an(prenominal) of them were underemployed, underpaid, and to some extent overworked. It may be argued that the proposal is a good-to-fit move to decrease such economic marginality. It may be viewed as a move in improving both economic (opportunities) and social justice (overall standing in society).Deontological Point of View From a Kantian point of view, the proposal has moral universal standing. A proposal which dispenses distributive justice is a general universal ethos. Categorically speaking, the proposal does not in any way put groups into the same categorical ethos. Rather, the proposal is a general tool for evaluating justice of any type it promotes justice which ought to be directed to particularities groups, individuals, and institutions. Hence, from Kants view, the proposal is only a manifestation of a universal value.

Accounting for the IPhone Essay Example for Free

Accounting for the IPhone rise1. study the GAAP and Non-GAAP data and discuss their impact on the financial statements. In comparing data, when Apple describe its Q4 FY 2008 financial results on October 21, 2008, it reported both GAAP and Non-GAAP economic data. Under GAAP, Apple reported every quarter taxation of $7.9 billion and net profit of $1.1 billion. Under Non-GAAP, revenues amounted to $11.7 billion and net profit totaled $2.4 billion. The contrast between GAAP and Non-GAAP revenues and net profit were $3.8 billion and $1.3 billion respectively. Needless to say, such a vast difference will have a huge impact on the income statement and balance sheet. some(prenominal) financial statements would be greatly understated. Apple reported both GAAP and Non-GAAP financial data because of this prominent difference and they felt that the GAAP data did not correctly portray Apples financial statements.2. Which method beat out reflects the economic reality?I believe both G AAP and Non-GAAP accurately reflect Apples economic reality. severally method just simply presents Apples financial data in a different way. Under GAAP, revenue from iPhone is deferred and is recognized on a straight line basis over a 24 month period. This type of subscription accounting is required because Apple chose to give future, free software upgrades with the iPhone. GAAP requires this to prevent companies from attempt to over-inflate revenues by increasing sales with the promise of a free incentive in the future wherefore not delivering on the promise.See more Sleep Deprivation Problem Solution Speech EssayUnder GAAP, the huge annex in iPhone sales is correspond in the deferred revenue accounts and the cash from operate activities on the statement of cash flows. Apples non-GAAP statements recognize revenue from iPhone sales immediately, instead of in a deferred account, and is represented by the increase in revenue and net profit. To investors, the non-GAAP statements are more impressive because of the large increase in revenue and net profit. However, the truth of the matter is that both methods present the same information hardly in different accounts and at different times.

Microbiology Study Guide Chapter Essay Example for Free

Microbiology Study Guide Chapter EssayFood Production 1. Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, 2. genus Saccharomyces cerevisiae B. Oxygen production C. Nitrogen Fixation D. Decomposition E. Bioremediation F. Antibiotics G. Biotechnology and research H. Normal flora I. Pathogens (malaria parasite, E. coli, Salmonella, Clostridium) IV. The get windd of Microorganisms A. Spontaneous Generation revisited 1. Francesco Redi 2. Lazzaro Spallazani 3. Louis Pasteur 4. John Tyndall B. If not Spontaneous Generation, then what? 1. Ferdinand Cohn 2. Robert Koch Chapter 3 Microscopy Staining I. What can we see with a microscope? A.Micrometer B. Nanometer II. History of Microscopy A. Robert Hooke B. Anton van Leeuwenhoek III. Principles of Microscopy A. Total Magnification B. Resolution/Resolving spot 1. Wavelength 2. Numerical aperture C. Refraction/Refractive index D. Contrast IV. Light Microscope /Bright field Microscope A. Parts and functions 1. Oculars 2. Objectives/Revolving noseband 3. St age 4. Condenser Iris diaphragm 5. Adjustment knobs- Course, fine, condenser and stage B. Principles of negatron microscopy (transmission and scanning electron microscopes). V. Staining Techniques A.Smear Preparation B. Types of dyes basic, acidic C. Types of Staining Procedures 1. Simple fleck 2. Positive and Negative scrapeing 3. Differential staining a. Gram stain b. Acid-fast stain 4. Structural stains a. Capsule stain b. Endospore stain c. Flagella stain Lecture Chapter 3 Prokaryotic Cell I. Shape A. Coccus B. Bacillus (rod) C. Coccobacillus D. Vibrio E. spirilla F. Spirochete II. Arrangements A. For cocci 1. Chains or Streptococci arrangement 2. Packets (tetrads (4 booths) or 8 cells (Sarcinae)) 3. Clusters or staph arrangementB. For bacilli- Single, irregular, stacked or fibriled rods III. External Extensions A. Flagella in Gram negative bacteria 1. Components immoral body, Hook, Filament 2. Arrangement (Mono, Lopho, Amphi or Peri) trichous 3. Movement Chemotaxis, Phototaxis, Aerotaxis, Magnetotaxis B. Axial filaments (endoflagella) C. Attachment pili (Fimbriae) D. Sex pilus IV. Layers/Coverings A. Glycocalyx Capsule, Slime mould B. Cell hem in Peptidoglycan, NAG and NAM 1. Gram positive- Teichoic- (TA) and lipoteichoic acids (LTA) 2.Gram negative- outer membrane made of endotoxin -Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), periplasm 3. No cell wall- Mycoplasma C. Cytoplasmic (cell) membrane 1. Components Phospholipid bilayer, Fluid Mosaic model 2. Passive transport a. Simple diffusion b. Osmosis 1)hypertonic 2)Hypotonic 3)Isotonic c. Facilitated diffusion 3. Active transport a. Major Facilitator family transporters use proton motive force b. alphabet transporters- use ATP as energy c. Group translocation 4. Energy production a. Electron Transport chain b. Proton Motive Force V.Internal Structures A. DNA as a Single chromosome in a Nucleoid contribution B. Plasmids and transfer of plasmids (conjugation) C. Ribosomes D. Storage Granules Glycogen, Volu tin, Poly-? -hydroxybutyrate, sulfur E. Gas vacuoles (vesicles) F. Endospores 1. Formation of Endospore-sporulation a. Core Dipicolonic acid + Ca2+, DNA enzymes b. Core Wall Cortex peptidoglycan + muramic lactam c. Spore coat keratin-like protein 2. Germination Return to Vegetative State 3. Location terminal, lateral, central

Cognitive Dissonance in Marital Satisfaction Essay Example for Free

cognitive haphazardness in Marital Satisfaction EssayMost people get married because they make out their accomplice. They like the way they argon with each another(prenominal), honest, loving, understanding, fun, and so forth Some are arranged married couple as they are unable to find the love of their life. However somewhat get divorced as they are no colossaler compatible and they get turn off very easily. They are frustrated and bored.For those who motivation to continue to stay in an unhappy marriage due to many reasons such as the kids, their reputation, family, etc. as an alternative to divorce willing ignore their feelings and convince themselves that the marriage is working well. They tend to ingest a cheerful attitude. They offered patience and understanding to make it appear as if the marriage was happy.cognitive Dissonance is a feeling of discomfort caused by performing an action that is inconsistent with ones impression (Franzoi, 2009, p.162). Basically it is a disagreement amidst ones soulfulnessal beliefs and ones actions. It is the difference between how they would like to be and how they are.Cognitive fraudulent scheme is an aversive drive that causes people to (1) avoid opposing viewpoints, (2) seek reassurance after making a tough decision, and (3) change private beliefs to match public behavior when on that point is minimal justification for an action. Self-consistency, a sense of personal responsibility, or self-importance-affirmation can explain variance reduction. (Socio-psychological tradition) (Festinger, as cited in Griffin, 2011)How can we uphold cognitive dissonance in Marital Satisfaction? In Marital Satisfaction, we can observe cognitive dissonance in 3 different areas Behavioural, Mental Emotional.Behavioural Observation There will be marital stress. They wear masks at home and they will feel exhausted as they struggle with their life. Their move around will be full with pain and grief. They pretend things ar e okay in their marriage when there is distance. They say nothing is wrong when their feelings are truly hurt. They dont necessarily lie to their fellow they just shade part of the truth. They dont feel comfortable being their true self with their spouse because they are afraid of judgment or mockery.They will purchase self-help books, confessed their feelings to a marriage proponent or friends that they can trust. They offer patience and understanding to the spouse to make it appear as if the marriage was happy. They will smile and put on a happy face especially in comportment of the children to avoid them from knowing but will let out their true feelings and cry it out at night. They will lay awake at night and try to rationalize things that they have done so that it is acceptable.Their physical health will be affected as they are facing with too much(prenominal) stress in their life. They too may run into problem as they seem to be equivocation to themselves. Even though cogn itive dissonance can resolve internal anxiety, it can also pay back future bad decisions or behaviours e.g. lyingMental Observation Their mind will be make full with thoughts of whether they are doing the right thing. They feel turned off with what they are doing. They could not be themselves and their anxiety in requireing to be themselves and do what they like to do increases. They have sleepless nights thinking the sacrifices that they have do to make others happy when they themselves are not happy..The dissonance caused by such contradictions will also fabricate an unpleasant mental tension, which can range from minor irritation to deep pain as long as it continues. They are unable to relax and feel comfortable until they have been able to eliminate the dissonance or at least reduce it considerably. They can use Self-justification to escape from the discomfort. This is also a major threat to marital satisfaction because both partners tend to justify their behaviour in a way that allows them to be right while either explicitly or implicitly making their partner wrong.Emotional Observation They will be unhappy or semi-happy. They are unwilling to admit their frustration, adjudge their crumbling marriage and obtain a divorce due to their culture, religion or the children. They constantly experienced a lingering feeling of doubt about the relationship. With that, they attempt to change their opinions to coincide with the behaviour they felt was anticipate of them and adopted a cheerful attitude towards their marriage to convince themselves that the marriage is working well.On the other hand, this can also make them become stronger in facing any challenges in their life. If they are optimistic, they will make the best of the marriage as the decision is in their hands. They are not able to be the person that they are but who they are might not be the best person. Cognitive dissonance can also reinforce future good decisions or behaviours e.g. more underst anding, patient, increase communication between spouse, etc.Conclusion Successful marriage is not about getting their partner to do what they want its about being who they are. This aspect of cognitive dissonance isnt bad it can act as a motivation to be true to their deepest values, by making them behave in more loving and human ways. It can help them change the unhealthy attitudes and behaviours.However, cognitive dissonance is most painful to people when some significant part of their beliefs about themselves is threatened. This usually occurs when they have done something that is inconsistent with their image of themselves. If a person has a fairly positive self-concept, believing herself reasonably smart, competent, and moral, she will use self-justification as a way to preserve her positive self-image.

Methodology in action research Essay Example for Free

Methodology in swear out research EssayAppropriate methods should be employed in the various stages of implementing a successful execution research strategy. I cast selected the methods discussed below based on their reliability and cost among other authoritative criteria. This research in a qualitative survey and aims at gathering enough discipline from the selected sample. The entropy collected will then be subjected to qualitative analysis victimisation the appropriate tools. This paper thereof seeks to gather relevant data from people who are led and those who radiation diagram leading in the selected disposals. The pickax of the sample was based random sampling technique so as to avoid bias selection. This is alike signifi discountt in obtaining composite data that will touch on a variety of administrations that practice leadership. For the participants in this research I realize chosen managers of various organizations for instance the sales managers are us ually the team leaders in the sales team therefore they can provide the relevant data concerning leadership in their organization.I attain withal targeted to interview members of such team who are also capable of giving out in produceation regarding to how they relate with their leaders and what they feel about their current leadership . In an organization like a bank I will target the sales representatives of node relations officers who are part of teams in that particular firm. Data collection The first technique I will use will be the available knowledge. This will be found in books, magazines, journals, reports and the internet. I will go for this technique because I will not spend much in any case the information being readily available.But I fear that issues regarding to confidentiality may arise and I may also get incomplete information. The methods should also consider the appropriate demographic that is targeted in the research. Structured interviews in the form of i nterrogative sentencenaires can best work for collecting pieces of information form that targeted group. This method is objective and its validity is high. create verbally questionnaires permitted anonymity and made me get more(prenominal) honest responses from the respondents. The following are examples of questions to be included in the questionnaire What can you say about leadership in your organization?Are there teams in your organization? Does your team leader understand the needs of the other members? Have you ever been a leader? Do you trust your leaders and are they open to their subjects? What do you think a good leader should have? Do the leaders in your organization understand men and women who work for the organization? Are you contended with the leadership in your organization in terms of homophile relations? Do you think good human relations affects leadership in your organization? Oral interviews will also utilize because they provide transfer contact with the sou rces of information hence increasing validity.I also preferred this method because of its flexibility besides seeking clarification where doubts exist. If a respondent does not understand well a given question I can give him an example or explain further before getting his/her response. in that respect was a higher response in this method as compared to the written questionnaires where some respondents were asking for more time and some even delayed with their responses. The only problem I expect while using written questionnaires is that some respondents will delay and some will not be honest enough.This is because as they delay with the questionnaires some of them will go consulting and therefore compromise some of the ethical values associated with the information they are supposed to supply. Data analysis This part is vital so as to establish the relevancy of what has been gathered Appropriate tools have to be used in this stage because the product will be used for interpretati on I would prefer to use bar graphs in the analysis because they are innocent and can easily convey the expected message. They are also real easy to construct using Ms Excel tools.Ms excel is able to choose different types of bar graphs that will bewilder out clear comparisons between the variables. I will format the graph in such a way that it will have different colors representing the views of the respondents on some of the questions concerning leadership in their organization for instance I can use Red, Blue and Green to represent Good, Fair and Bad leadership. This can be interpreted by whoever will be reading the report and reveal to him/her that the team members have a specific perception of how social intelligence affects leadership in the society.The bar graphs would be very useful especially when comparing between two or more variables. However one altercate with the bar graphs is that they will require some additional verbal or written explanation to co-occur with the m. This will be a challenge because it will mean additional time will have to be created so as to provide the additional materials in terms of explanations. This will also final result in more expenses because more effort will have to be put in.

Personality psychology Essay Example for Free

Personality psychology raiseCarl Gustav Jung was born on July 26, 1875 to a Swiss Pastor and his wife, in Kesswil, Switzerland. He was raised in Basel and be school in Klein-Huningen. As a young boy Carl was fascinated by language, literature and archaeology but was not really interested in school. He eventually enrolled and continued his education at the Humanistisches Gymnasium in Basel, and excelled at Latin. Because of his fathers faith, Jung developed a keen interest in religious history, but settled on the study of medicine at the University of Basel. He earned his medical examination degree in 1902 from the University of Zurich and went Paris to study psychology. Jung entered the field of psychiatry as an intern to Eugen Bleuler at the University of Zurich where he explored the unconscious mind and its related complexes. Jung was drafted into World War I and served as an army doctor for the British. In 1903, Jung married Emma Rauschenbach, with whom he had five childre n. Jung traveled throughout the world to teach and influence others with his psychoanalytical theories.He published many books relating to psychology, and others that seemed outside the realm science, including Flying Saucers A Modern Myth of Things Seen in the Skies, which examined and dissect the psychological significance of UFO sightings. Jungs work embodied his belief that each person has a life purpose that is based in their spiritual self. Through his eastern, western and mythological studies, Jung developed a surmise of transformation which he called individuation.He explained individualism as being the personal development of peerlesss connection between the ego and self, which was based on Freuds three part surmise of personality. He further pursued and explored the idea of individuation in Psychology and Alchemy, a book in which he detailed the relationship of alchemies in the psychoanalytical process. Jung developed the idea of introversion and extroversion quality of personality. He outlined the theory of the four fundamental psychological functions of thinking, feeling, sensation and intuition.His most difficult impression deals with archetypes which are inherited predispositions to respond to the world in a certain way. Jungs relationship with Sigmund Freud began with his Studies in Word Association, a book that he published in 1906 and sent to Freud. In 1907 Jung met with Freud and their beginning discussions lasted 13 hours. In 1909 Jung opened his own practice and travelled to the United States with Freud. Their friendship lasted until 1913, at which time they split ways due to a difference in academic opinion.Jung somewhat agreed with Freuds theory of the unconscious, but believed further in the existence of a much deeper collective unconscious and representative archetypes. He disagreed with the idea that the unconscious is motivated by sexuality. This fundamental difference caused their friendship and professional opinions to be in conflict. Carl Jung is recognized as one of the most influential psychiatrists of all time. He founded Analytical Psychology and was among the first experts in his field to explore the religious nature behind human psychology.He developed the innovation of the complex and identified the parallel roles of extraversion and introversion. He deepened the meaning of the unconscious by stating the existence of the collective unconscious and all of its archetypes. Additionally, the founders of Alcoholics Anonymous were in part inspired by Jungs belief in an evangelic cure for alcoholism. His works, theories, and schools of thought are still widely discussed in universities and psychology curriculums around the world.

Philosophy - Plato Essay Example for Free

Philosophy Plato try out2. What is the role of philosophy for Socrates and wherefore is it valuable in itself? Explain three argu- ments Socrates gives for the immortality of the consciousness. Briefly explain Cebes and Simmias coun- ter crinkles development examples from the text for support. Finally, based on your understanding of the Phaedo give your interpretation of the last words of Socrates and back it up by citing the text. In Platos The Last Days of Socrates, Phaedo gives an account of the last few hours of Socrates smell, to Echecrates when he encounters him after(prenominal) Socrates death. In Phaedos telling of the story, we learn about why Philosophy was so important to Socrates, and why he spent his final hours explaining his line of productss about the body and the consciousness, to his two fri termination Cebes and Simmias. Socrates presents four separate careens as to how the head lives separately from the body, the first being the theory of opposites, seconded by the theory of retrospect, and followed by his theory of Affinity. aft(prenominal) he presents his first three arguments, Simmias and Cebes interject with their opinions and counterarguments to Socrates first three, which is then when Socrates make loves up with his fourth and final argument Theory of the Forms.The last and final argument is champion of the most important arguments that Socrates will make doneout the consentient story. Phaedo ends his account to Echecrates by telling us of the final words of Socrates. Socrates was a well cognise Greek philosopher, known chiefly through the pens of his students, such as Plato who wrote the novel in which we ar reflecting. Socrates did not write down any of his ideas or knowledge, scarcely instead instilled it upon other people who took the re- sponsibility of writing it down for themselves.During Socrates final hours, we find out why Phi- losophy was so important to him. He argues that the intelligence is a s eparate entity from the body, and that we must separate the nous as far as possible from it. He relates this to death, by saying that death is this freeing and parting of the soul from the body. Socrates states, on page 100 line 67d on the dot why Philosophy is important those that go in for philosophy in the correct air who ar always eager to set the soul free what philosophers practice is only this, the freeing and parting of soul from body. He recalls that Philosophers live their lives being as close to death as possible, those occupied correctly in philosophy really do practice dying, and death is less frightening for them than for anyone else (Plato 67a). He states that if philosophers desire that one thing, separating the soul from the body, then they must always be close to death and to nev- er be afeard(predicate) of it. Socrates presents his initial argument that everything comes to be through opposite things coming to be from no other informant than their own op posites (Plato 70e). He believed that everything that exists, has an opposite and must have came from that opposite.He provided examples such as the beautiful is presumably opposite to the ugly or when something comes to be bigger, it must be from being smaller in front (Plato 70e). In explaining this argument, he presents that amid the two members of the pair, there are two-processes for the pair to come into being. In order for something to be big, it had to come from being small, it increased in size but it could go the opposite way and descend in size as well. This argument relates to the soul and the body by saying that being alive has an opposite, which is being gone.In order for the op-posites argument to be logical, one must be able to come back from the dead and be alive, so it is from the dead that living things come to be alive. This leads us to believe that the soul is immor- tal, and existed before the body. Socrates sums up this argument by stating, the living h ave come from the dead no less than the dead from the living and I think it seemed to us that if this were the case, it would be sufficient proof that the souls of the dead must be somewhere from where they were to be born again (Plato 72a). Following the argument about opposites, Socrates poses the heading that if we are going to recollect something, we must have had knowledge about it at a preliminary stay in time. This is then the second argument that Plato recounts in his telling of Socrates last hours. What he is pre- senting in this argument, is the fact that when we recognize something, it brings us back to think- ing about something else. So when we recognize this first object, it triggers our minds to remem- ber something that is associated with that object. Therefore, when we remember something we are recollecting back to a previous state or time or object.He argues that these recollections canat are conflicting the items we have recollected. He sums this thought up b y saying, So long as, on seeing one thing, you come to have something else in mind, ilk or unlike, from seeing the first one. What occurs must be recollection (Plato 74d). He doesnt stop at this, but then goes on to explain that we had this knowledge before we even obtained our senses. When we were born, we obtained the ability to see, hear, and possess all of the other senses, but we had this knowledge before our senses, so accordingly we had this knowledge before we were even born. This argument leads back to his original point that the soul exists outside of the body.Whereas if we cause our knowledge before we are born but lose it on being born, and then after through the use of our perceptions we get back those pieces of knowledge that we had at some previous time, what we call cultivation would be a matter of acquiring back knowledge that was ours anyway and wed be certainly correct if we called that recollection (Plato 75e). Socrates third argument before Cebes and Simmi as provide their counterarguments is his theory of Affinity.This suggests that we must distinguish between things that are material, visi- ble, and perishable and things that are immaterial, invisible, and immortal. In this case, the body is the thing that is perishable, while the soul is immortal and lives on. speckle arguing this to Sim- mias and Cebes, Socrates states, the soul is something thats very like whats divine, deathless, the object of intellect, uniform, undissolved, and always in exactly the aforesaid(prenominal) state as it ever was while body in its turn is something very like whats human, mortal, mindless, multiform, tending to dissolution, and never the similar as it was before (Plato 80b). This is yet another argument that proves his point that when the body dies, the soul still lives.He brings up the point in this argu- ment that the soul may wander, but eventually it is put into a different body or it will spend its time with the Gods. afterwards his third argument, Simmias and Cebes finally interject and give their counterargu- ments to Socrates. Simmias is the first to present his counterargument, by comparing the topic of the soul existing after the death of the body, to the attunement of an mallet.He states, The argument would go, thered be no way that the lyre could continue to exist as it does, with the strings broken, or that the strings could, while the attunement, which is of the same nature and the same kin as the divine and deathless, had already perished, before the mortal (Plato 86a-c). He is comparing the body to an instrument, and the soul to the attunement. When the instrument is no longer there, if it was completely broken or burned, there would no longer be a tune. The tune of one instrument does not just travel to a separate instrument when the original one is gone.Cebes then gives his counterargument, not agreeing with the one Simmias just made and not ful- ly agreeing with all of Socrates arguments. Cebes argum ent states that the soul does still live on after the body is dead, but that it is not entirely immortal. He then compares the body to a cloak and the soul to the body, stating someone might say the very same things about soul and body as about the weaver and his cloak, that the soul is something long-lived, while the body is a weaker and shorter-lived thing, but all the same, hed say, every single soul wears out many bod-ies, peculiarly if it has a long life for if the body is in flux, and is perishing even while the per- son is alive, still the soul always weaves again whats being worn out. (Plato 87e). This argu- ment he presents states that a soul can live through many bodies, as a person can go through many cloaks each as they wear out. He finishes his argument by stating that theres no justifica- tion yet for relying on this argument of yours, and it gives us no reassurance that when we die our soul still exists somewhere (Plato 88a). Socrates final words at the end of Phae dos account were, Crito, we owe a cock to As-clepius pay our debt and no forgetting. According to Greek myth, the cock symbolizes a peace offering to the divinity Asclepius in order to receive a cure. In this case, Socrates was getting ready to die. This could mean only two things to me, the first being that he was being cured of his life by dying and being closer than ever to the one thing that philosophers dedicate their time to, sep- arating his soul from his body and having that soul be free. The second interpretation I came up with is that he offered this cock to the god Asclepius to avoid any misfortune after he dies, while his soul is still living.All in all, Socrates had many deep and thought provoking arguments as to why the soul and the body are separate, and why the soul continues to live after the body has perished. Whether or not these arguments seemed logical, or were very believable, Socrates spent his whole life dedicated to the ideas of Philosophy, and he spent his final hours instilling his beliefs upon those who cared about him. Socrates died for what he believed in, and thats what makes Phaedos account of his life so interesting. Works Cited Plato, , and Christopher Rowe. The Last Day of Socrates. New York Penguin Classics, 2010. 87-169. Print.

April Morning by Howard Fast Book Review Essay Example for Free

April daybreak by Howard Fast Book Review EssayThe book April Morning by Howard Fast is a dramatic story of the bloody battle of Lexington set up with a one day structure from the view of a fifteen year old boy good turn into a hu musical composition beingnesss. In the book we see the life of turn Cooper changing from child to man in the matter of one day. Each chapter is a different time period of the day carnal knowledge us what has happened and what the effects were on his life. turn Cooper is a fifteen-year-old boy living in colonial Lexington, Massachusetts with his family. He feels demoralized by his begetter, Moses Cooper, but finds consolation from Granny Cooper, his paternal grandmother. When a contact of the township Committee is called on the evening of April 18th, Adam wishes to attend but his father questions whether or not his son is a man and has earned the right to attend the get by dint ofing. Instead of attending the meeting, Adam visits his popul ate Ruth Simmons, a distant relative whom he loves whom he loves and sees himself marrying in the distant future.When his father returns foot from the meeting, Adam eavesdrop as Moses tells his wife Sarah and Granny Cooper what happened, as the colonial communities prepare for a possible confrontation with the British army. During the late night early morning, a rider arrives in Lexington, argus-eyed up the community with news that the British army is on the march to Concord to take push through supplies and ammunition that is being stored by colonists for a possible rebellion. formerly the news of the night rider reaches the town the committeemen hold a muster for the militia, and Adam decides to sign the muster book and commit to fighting for the militia. His father is present when he is signing the muster and allows for it to happen. Moses Cooper no longer sees his son as a boy but as a determined man willing to fight for his family and community.Both Adam and his father prep ared themselves for the battle and a total of seventy militia men wait for the comer of the British army. Moses Cooper argues persuasively with the committeemen that the minuscular number of men cant stand up to the thousands of Redcoat troops they will be greeting alone, and so its decided that they will state their plate but do no more they decide to talk it out rather than to fight. However when the British in the end reach Lexington, the officers are sneeringly dismissive of the colonists and tell them to leave the common and a obscure shot is fired causing the British troops to begin firing on the colonists. The British massacred the small militia that stood in front of them, and Adam watched as his father and other men he had cognise his entire life be shot down.Adam hides in terror and cannot go home because of the British troops in town and it is unsafe. Adam is off to the woods to find the rest of the militia and he is almost discovered by British soldiers, but before they do so are called outdoor(a) to march towards Concord. Adam runs from the British and is shot at by redcoats, only to be caught in the traveling bag of an older colonial man named Solomon Chandler, who helps Adam and provides him with some consolation and food. Adam joins Chandler on his journey to meet up with more members of colonial militias. Along the way, other colonists join the two, also ready to fight the British. Once at the pasture, Adam is greeted by Cousin Simmons and The rarified, and is relieved that others from the Lexington militia had survived. Though the various town committees and militia nurture general instructions, there isnt a single leader chosen to lead the battle.It was a woolly time for the colonists fighting and finally Chandler guides them and instructs the men waiting at the pasture to split up into groups agree to the firing range of their weapons. Adam and the other men in his group lay under the tangle and fire at the redcoats, Adams gun d oes not reach a far distance so he does not shoot but watches instead he see the burning of Lexington and the bloodshed of the redcoats. Through the fog of all of the battle Adam seems to fall asleep leaving everyone to believe that he is wounded and dead. When Adam wakes up he finds that the battle has moved to a distant location he hears Cousin Simmons and The Reverend talking, meets them, and they all agree to go home to Lexington, or what is left of it. Once home Adam is greeted with reserve and happiness by the surviving members of his family and others from the town. Adam is now treated like a fully-grown man when he was only recently considered a simple child to everyone.Adam makes peace with his fathers corpse, and then helps to carry the inclose to the church. At the church Adam lights some extra candles so his father wont have to rest in the dark of night. Cousin Simmons makes sure that Adam is aware this battle was only the start, and that he must consider his other re sponsibilities as the new head of household when deciding if hell remain to fight. When Adam returns home his mother is already asleep but Granny Cooper is awake and says she knows he will go back into battle eventually. He puts off the question for the time being, and is relieved to finally go to sleep and end this momentous day. The book is a great and quick read being that it is only 202 pages long. The text gets you involved and makes it feel as if you are there with Adam Cooper through the battles and his day.You feel as if you are standing next to Adam while on the field attribute your riffle awaiting the battles. The pressures and emotions that the boy is going through as he transitions into an adult are heartfelt and galore(postnominal) people can relate to Adam in some ways. The pressure of becoming a man over night and resuming all these responsibilities he never had to deal with before is a struggle that many can relate too. I personally would definitely recommend this book to my peers as well as to younger and older audiences. This book in my opinion was very good in the fact that it draw me in and kept me wanting to read more as the story went on. I dont usually like reading and the fact that this book makes me want to keep reading and not carry till it was finished in my opinion makes this a good book. Fast is a great beginning and knows how to draw in an audience. Overall this was a great book and I would definitely recommend it to all.

Single-Parent Families Essay Example for Free

Single-P bent Families Essay on that point has been a lot of misconception universe attributed to boorren who ar raised by individual put forwards in regard to their development and well organism. Single put up phenomenon is no longer something unheard of in our society. such families are common function in our societies today. According to the unite States Census Bureau, close to a third of Ameri apprize families are headed by a wholeness foster. The make out of private parent families was estimated to be s trippingly above the 12 million mark in 2000 (Ketteringham, 2007). With an increasing trend in the individual parent families across the US, researchers bring conducted surveys to measure the impact of much(prenominal) households on the peasants welfare. There impart been misconceptions that unmarried parent families are doomed in that their children are usu everyy associated with drug abuse, being delinquent and dropping out of tame among former(a) unco nventional behavioral problems. This is stock-still untrue because when such children gets the emotional support from the hit parent, they are destined to show positive results just like whatsoever former(a) kids from normal families.This paper shall look into the evidence that denounces the misconceived myths that are associated with children from oneness parent households. Single parent families Single parent households are no longer considered as unconventional in the world today. A champion parent goat be defined as a parent with one or more children, who is not living with any of the childrens opposite parents (Ketteringham, 2007, para 3). In the United States, the keep down of children from normal family lop up has been decreasing each year and an estimated 22 million kids live with champion parents.Women headed families account for about 80% of the single parent households though men headed single households has been increasing in the recent past. Research reveals that mothers account for 85% of custodial parents whereas the lets take the re principal(prenominal)ing 15%. It was to a fault band up that more than half of the children under the delay of the mothers do not access to their fathers regularly after a couple of years into the break up.The 2000 census revealed that 38% of single families resulted from divorce, 35% were never married parents, breakup accounted for 19%, widowhood and separation due to other commitments each accounted for 4% of single parent families in the United States (Ketteringham, 2007). Generally, female headed households are more in comparison to male headed households. There are many reasons that can explain why mothers account for a majority share of the single parent families but the main reason would be the fact that women are seen as nurturing compared to men and thus present to take the responsibilities of the three-year-old children (Lamb, 1998).Historically, the father was seen as the central figure that could provide for the children and prepare them for the future. In the years that followed after the set-back World War, in that respect was a shift and mothers were seen as vital in nurturing of the young ones and hence custody of the children was handed over to them. Starting in the last third of the 20th century, the courts hold in been trying to hook up with a middle ground at least in theory to enable men pee an equal chance of having their kids in custody as the women. Reality however suggests that really few fathers have been granted custody of their children in comparison to the mothers.David Blankenhorn observes that the United States is becoming a fatherless society, a sentences ago an American child could reasonably expect to lift up with his or her father. Today, the same child can reasonably expect not to, (Blankenhorn, 1995, p1). Initially, fatherhood was regarded as of great importance in the lives of children and final stage of the father was the worst tragedy to happen in a childs life. In the current times, a father leaving the home has be bring forth too common and the society seems accommodative of the habit (Blankenhorn, 1995). Challenges of single parentsChild rearing is always full of take exceptions and the challenges are even intensified when one parent assumes the responsibilities that are associated with parenthood. Among the major challenges cladding such families is usually monetary as approximately of them cannot afford to stay in the homes babysitting unless they have a stable financial undercoat. For such parents, combining laming and caring for the children becomes a great challenge as they have to find a person who shall be handed the tariff of taking care of the children as they go looking for a job.though daycares provide these services for such parents, economical constrains forces these parents to look for financially viable options in the name of extended family members or child minders (Lamb, 1998) . A single parent is therefore overwhelmed by the pressure of taking care of the children and looking for financial scavenge by landing a job elsewhere. They usually swing between their daily jobs and the un-paying jobs waiting at home. Handling the house chores after a tiring job during the day is a great challenge especially when the kids are still very young.With the parent tied between responsibilities at the workplace and the home, little(a) or no time can be dedicated to spending with the children and this may lead to other challenges. Single parents hardly find time to get involved in their childrens school work and other activities. Being involved in the childs life is crucial as a parent (Ketteringham, 2007). Instilling discipline in children is also another challenge faced by single parents as they are sometimes too overwhelmed to notice it.It is crucial to observe good parenting skills, patience, and love among other aspects associated with parenthood when the kids are young so as to grow in an upright manner. It is also Copernican to observe that the single parents have no time for themselves as they oscillate between the work place and household chores and this has proven to be a challenge in itself for it may worsen the other challenges being faced by these parents (Garis, 1998). More often than not, single parent families are discouraged with the generalized statistics that are revealed by studies into the impacts of single-parenthood.What the researches fail to reveal is the fact that also dual parent families also comes up with challenges of their own. Though single parent family is a concept that no one will encourage, the reality of the matter requires us to animadvert positive of such families. With the statistics revealing increasing numbers of children being raised with single parents, there is neediness to offer realist tools and opportunities by highlighting the positives that come from the single parent families as opposed to fam ily much on the proscribe statistics (Lamb,1998). Generalized Myths about children from single Parent familiesStudies conducted on the issue of single parent families have continued to associate all the negative behavioral aspects in children to the family set up. In the US, the concept of family structure has continued to reveal negative statistics that are associated with the children from single-parent families. Statistics indicate that low birthrates and high death rates are prevalent in the single parent households. There is a revelation that teenagers from these families have a higher school dropout rates and lacks good health compared to their counterparts from normal families.Incidences of teenage pregnancy have been reported to be higher in such children as opposed to those from dual parent families (Garis, 1998). The negative portrayal of single parent families has continued with the depiction that such families children becomes depressed, emotionally stressed, and exhibi ts general difficulties in school. divine revelation has also associated delinquency with single parenthood as statistics reveal that over 70% of teenage murderers come from single parent households and 60% of rape crimes are committed by individuals from single parent families.Studies also reveal that individuals from single parent families have higher incidences of violent behavior compared to those from dual parent families. In a nutshell, single parent families have continued to be portrayed in negative light and no one can single out any positive elements from such a family set up (Ketteringham, 2007). Nowadays, problems that are associated with single parent families are common and this may leave those locomoteed to think that they have no control over the success of their families as it is destined to be doomed.This should not be the case as critical analysis indicates that not all the children that have been raised in single parent households are maladapted in the society. When focusing on the negative aspects of single parenthood does not dish out the single parents and their children in rising up to the occasion and fight the negative aspects. In fact, by picture the negativity of the single parent households kills the self esteem of the individuals affected and only adds to worsen the situation (Garis, 1998). Demystifying the MythsThe drumhead that we need to pose to ourselves is about the children raised by single parent families and their supposed social mal-adaptations. Such children are said to find it difficult schooling, getting into conflict with the law, and developing other social problems. It should however be mention that the problems that are usually associated with children from single parent families are more from the financial inability of the parents as opposed to single parenthood as conventionally thought. There are incidences where single parents have brought up well behaved young individuals in the society (Ketteringham, 20 07).Single parent families are faced with financial problems as the financial resources are cut leaving the family in dire need of cash in hand. The single parent is left struggling to make ends meet and this leaves no or little room to attend to the children at the same time difficulties in meeting the financial requirements of the family. Studies have indicated that single parenthood and struggling for finances always coincides (Lamb, 1998). Children from single parent families are often associated with low self esteem compared to their counterparts from dual parent families.Self esteem is very crucial especially to young children as it helps them to counter the negative equal pressure giving them confidence to face new challenges and become innovative. Showing these children some bits of love is very crucial as it helps them develop a feeling that they are appreciated by someone. It should be noted that children can only emotionally bene sufficient from a healthy parental relat ionship if not so the children are going to suffer emotional neglect from the conflicting parents (Garis, 1998). Parental involvement in the childs life is very crucial especially during the early developmental stages in life.The children require emotional support and understanding and sharing with the children is advocated for during this stage of development. Children who get the support that they need during this stage would definitely grow into normal citizens and thus rule out the connection between single parenthood and misbehavior of the children indoors the society. What should be an area of concern is how to ensure that single parents gets the financial support that is very central to the moldable of the childs future. When the single parent starts struggling to cater for the financial needs of the family, it becomes the source of all evils.This is because struggling for financial upkeep leaves the single parent with little time if any to spend with their children. Howeve r, the birdfeeder single parents can comfortably bring up an upright family as they have enough time to spend with their children (Garis, 1998). Single Parenthood can become a success story There are misconceptions about single parent families branding them dysfunctional and associating children from such families with social maladaptive behavior. Though they are faced with unique challenges, single parents can successfully address these challenges and provide a good cathode-ray oscilloscope to their children.It should be noted that the love, stability and safety requirements that are needed by the children is same irrespective of the number of parents in the household. No one would wish for separation of any sort but though children of single parents are not showered with the much needed parental love, the love cannot be compensated for by the horrendous and prolonged stress in the relationship between parents (Lamb, 1998). It is often advisable for parents to separate for the good of the children other than exposing the children to the tension in the relationship.Single parent families do not have a common background as some results from divorce, others from separations, whereas others result when one parent passes away. Single parenthood can be a challenge to any other person irrespective of race and/or ethnicity. Every individual is set to undergo similar grief upon losing a serious relationship. All single parents are faced with similar emotive challenges in regard to the changed status and thus needs great strength to cope up with the new status (Garis, 1998).Children from single families become emotionally vulnerable and thus single parents have the responsibility to ensure that the emotional bit has been well catered for in the family. Their top most priority should be the family as they aspire to be the best single parents like no other. This toy withs that the interests of the child should be move first and that a lot of sacrifices are to be ma de in attending to the childs welfare. Such parents need to be supportive and observing patience to help the children in coping.They should be consonant but not highly punitive like any other parent to provide the child with options, utilize the natural and logical effects and at the same time providing structure for the kids. There is need for open communication between the child and the parent which encourages clear and open expressions to develop an honest and a trustworthy relationship (Garis, 1998). Many single parents have to redefine their situation in order to fit in the new status. They have to learn how to live within the limits of a reduced income and restructure their relationships with the kids. maturation clearly defined roles within the household can come in handy in hire to some of the challenges faced by the single parents. A clearly defined structure for the kids to regulate meals, chores, school work and entertainment among other activities is necessary. This he lps in bringing a sense of security and reducing misgiving in the children. Communication, understanding and cooperation are very important to single parents but it should be noted that these parents should not leave adult responsibilities to the children (Lamb, 1998).Conclusion Though we cannot deny the fact that separation or rather outrage of a loved one in a relationship comes with its emotional distress, it should not be misconceived to mean that the remaining family is condemned. What is important though is the fact that the single parents have to accept their new condition and deal the depression that may accompany the situation. This is very important as it prepares one to deal with challenges that come with single parenthood. Single parenthood shall remain part and parcel of our society for ever.Instead of focusing on the challenges of single parenthood, researchers need to shift and focus on how single parent families can be helped to overcome the challenges facing them . Belonging to a single parent family should not be viewed as a ticket to an miserable family since it is evident that with appropriate intervention, success in such families is realizable. In general, parenthood can be intriguing and it is even more challenging when the responsibilities are left to one parent. Reference Blankenhorn, D. (1995).Fatherless America confronting our most urgent social problem. BasicBooks, ISBN 0465014836, 9780465014835. Garis, D. (1998). Poverty, Single-Parent Households, and Youth At-Risk Behavior An Empirical Study. Journal of Economic Issues pp 1079-1085 Ketteringham, K. (2007). Single Parent Households How does it affect the Children? Retrieved on 10th May 2010 from http//www. associatedcontent. com/article/297615/single_parent_households_how_does_it. html. Lamb, M. E. (1998). Parenting and Child Development in Nontraditional Families. Mahwah Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Honor killingskillings Essay Example for Free

Honor killingskillings testifyIt is shocking to see that in todays era when education and aw beness has be grow the some integral part of hu art object and societal develop manpowert. Moreover, women empowerment and their role in every walk of continues shake off changed over the period of time. There are static such(prenominal)(prenominal) hideous sends that are cosmos through in some parts of the world on a lower floor the disguised denote of value killing and Pakistan creation wiz(a) of the countries which holds the highest rates of honor killings in the world. Karo Kari an opposite name for ignorance.This name originated from the rural areas of interior sindh. It is being practiced in areas of Sindh such as Jacocabad, Sukkur, Khairpur, and Larkana along with other areas of Sindh and some dimensions in Punjab. THE TRIBAL trunk Pakistani fraternity is rich with multiple cultures and ethnic O.K.grounds. Each of these cultures and bulk from diversified ethnic g roups go down from distinct backgrounds and live to leadher hence they have their own traditions and customs which they have been following since years.In the rural areas of Pakistan the tribal carcass still exists such as areas in the interior sindh. This is where the jirga system or comm only(prenominal) known as the panchayat system exists. Under this system the rich and the influential enlighten of the colonization tends to form a committee and labors decisions on behalf of every wholeness and the decision given by this group is funk to be accepted by every member of the society. They have their own way of judging the slip of paper and passing a verdict on that, they take their own time, they think over it and give the naming for the decision.The lower and the poor working class is suppressed under this system as they dont have every say in it and obliged to follow it. KARO KARI Karo Kari is practiced when the women of the family has brought dishonor to the family name by any means. This could be if the cleaning lady has any illicit relations with any man, or an extra marital affair, she could be a rape victim or even if she wants to mystify married to somebody of her plectron she is brut eachy killed by genius of the family members themselves in identify to bring back the lost glory and name of the family.It is not on the dot this that an innocent women can be categorized as Kari and killed it is also when the family and the brothers want to lionize the property and split drop off dis erectes she becomes a victim of this rack up, for example if a man owes some bills to a person and that creditor comes to his place in value to collect the money to his place from another village and stays over night. The person who owes the money would kill his wife next day and declare her a Kari so that he doesnt have to pay the money .in this way the creditor would choose to grant without taking the money rather being declared as Karo and being kill ed. Similarly a man can be declared a Karo even if he doesnt have any physique of affair with a woman but he has any form of dis reposee with some other tribe and hell be killed under the name of honor killing. These killings tend to have the most barbarous ways of torturing some one and sentencing them to death. They leave behind bury the girl alive recently in one of the states of Sindh, Khairpur a girl was thrown in front of dogs to be torn apart as an act of hour killing.THE RISE IN THE NUMBER OF KILLINGS It is very depressing to see that the trend in the number of killings that has taken place due to this has increased over the years kind of of dropping. It is estimated that over the final stage six years in Pakistan the number of deaths caused by Karo Kari have been to a greater extent than six thousand which include around 800 men identically, so it is not serious women who fall for this, there are men too but their number is relatively lower than the women.Different societies have antithetic commonwealth and thinking and so they believe what they are doing is the obligation way but this practice of suppressing the right of women and taking her right to live is a murderous crime and contradictory to the teachings of Islam. It is that barbaric evil of the society that has to be eliminated completely. Even worsened is the fact that the rich and influential class tends to play forth with this practice while the poor are helpless and they become the victim. THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENTAs far as the government and other nongovernmental organizations are concerned then in the year 2004 there was an amendment made in the ecesis which declared honor killings such as Karo Kari as equal to murder however, this amendment never came into practice because under another clause of the constitution it was stated that the accused can get away with the crime if one gets the consent of the family and in this case of Karo Kari the victims family itself is the one who are doing it therefore nobody can be put to trial as they dont appear in the police station.It is the governments transaction to look into this numerate and they should have made an alteration in the other amendment so that this brutal practice can be put to an end, however no concrete step has been taken to curb this. KARO KARI IS wild Karo Kari is a cultural shock to anyone who belongs to a civilized, developed and educated society and would condemn it. it is a murder not a punishment there could be any other ways of punishing one for their doings but such act is not justifiable on any grounds, it is barbaric and takes away the freedom of speech and expression.The dominating men in the jirga system have curbed the rights of women in these rural areas. It is truly the sardars who are the influential waderas who tend to encourage this practice as this increases their prestige in the society ,over that they get a compensation from the jirga too. Karo Kari is another name for ignorance, Islam has already restricted the Muslims and it has institute punishments for the victim therefore any other act that is being practiced under its name is simply ignorance.In Islam having an illicit sexual relationship is condemned and the accused is whipped not subject to killing. How can one justify the killing of a woman who has been subjected to rape? By declaring such a women Kari and killing her society is depriving the soul from getting justice and instead of taking her out of that trauma one is putting an end to her life. Why are women accused more then men in Karo Kari, it is not that men are more faithful then women it is just that women are weak in these areas and men are strong that is why they are able to get away with it.These jirga have no right to take away the liberty to live from such stack they should work for the benefits of the society by coming to a conclusion on the basis of shariah not merely stay ignorant. Women are not property that their life is kept at stake to resolve area disputes. Moreover the killing is done in the most inhuman way. To bury some one alive, throwing her in front of dogs or to burn her alive is unjustifiable. Such practices were there in the olden days when there was no education and no awareness but its shocking that it still exists in our society and nobody has done anything to put an end to it.It is unjustly molded by the feudal land lords and the elite class of the village who use Karo Kari to resolve their personal matters. One such incident took place when a native of interior Sindh came home after years of hard work from Dubai and brought money back home to start some form of business in his native land. He came in the eye of the feudal lord due to his money and business. The opportunist wanted to trap him in the case of Karo Kari and he got the opportunity when the man by mistake prayed on the grave of some other women, thinking it to be his wifes grave.The feudal lord took advantage of th is and declared him a Karo the man not only paid 15million to the land lord in order to save his life, he was kicked out of his home land and his business was taken away. There are many such instances when the influential people of the panchayat system tend to trap others for their own good and they use this practice of Karo Kari as a tool in order to get away with it. It is unfortunate to see that such murders are given the name of honor killings. THE URBAN AREAS VERSUS THE RURAL SETUPThe tragedy with these women lies in the fact that they are born in such a set up and society where they are considered as a burden on the family. Girls still cannot compete with the boys and neither can they express their opinion. Sons are preferred over daughters. Daughters are not promote to go to school or get exposed to the outside world. Therefore their thinking is confined to just one place. They are expected to do what they are asked for and nothing else. Lives in the urban areas are an essen tial opposite view of this.If one may not go far and compare with places in the similar province such as Karachi. The region is developed and modern. It is a cosmopolitan city and comprises of people from all caste, color and creed and they all share different cultures and languages and live altogether. Women here are educated and empower like never before. They are independent, focused and know exactly what they want out of their lives. They are working as well as having a family and they are doing well in every walk of lives and competing with men.They take their own decisions. The living and culture of these societies varies from the rural areas actually there is no comparison. The two societies share the homogeneous religion and language yet once more there are differences of opinions and thinking process. The urban life of Karachi is slops more modern and liberal as they are adopting the western culture in their society. Apart from the right to go out or make money, women ca n dress up the way she wants, socialize, make friends and do whatever she wants to.Girls are actually encouraged to go and study in co education and besides sent abroad for further education and their families and relatives support them in this. In these urban areas there is no such thing as jirga system. Life is different here justice drawn through legitimate courts and with the help of police. A rape victim can go to the police and lodge a ailment against the culprit and she has the right to live and fight for her right and nobody can throw overboard her. All kinds of disputes pertaining to property, ownership, spousal or anything are resolved through legal procedure in the courts.After the age of eighteen years the girl and the boy have the right to choose her own life partner and get married to him legally. The concept of honor killings does not exist in these urban areas. This society has its own set of evils and drawbacks such as poverty, corruption, unemployment, terrori sm. Women in urban areas are as influential and resourceful then men that they can not be dominated unjustly. Tribal system is a sign of backwardness and analphabetism and refusal to accept this fact is what is leading to what it is today.These two societies have completely different set of values, cultures, traditions and norms that they follow. The living and lifestyles of these people are also different. In the urban areas there are also powerful and influential people who tend to subjugate the weaker class, however that is done in entire different way where the free will of everyone is not included like the jirga system where everyone is bound to listen to them? Life in the urban society has made men and women strong and independent thats the way they are brought up, whereas the tribal system has put them in a much weaker stand.The practice of Karo Kari is a social issue and it can not come to an end until there is no change in the social structure of the society and in order to change to be there, there has to be awareness and education and the powers of the rich and the land lords needs to be curbed so that they dont exploit the common man who work for them as their slaves. It should not be encouraged but since it has been following from years and the people in the villages associate it as a matter of prestige and honor that is why is strongly accepted and being followed. It is not being used in villages to make easy money.The mens of the family tend to kill their own daughter, wives and sisters ruthlessly in order to make easy money. it is actually depressing to see this that in todays time such type of unjust ways of killings are taking place by the wrongdoers and they are justified on the basis of honor killings. 60% cases of the cases of Karo Kari are reported to be where the accused were innocent and yet killed. every society and every religion have their own set of limitations which are known to all. Yet again those are not being followed that does nt mean that one can make use of it and exploit it on the basis of ghayrat.There are officials in the government who havent done anything to stop this practice because they feel it is not wrong, not only men, there are women who are seen in the governmental setup who have the ability to do something, yet are not doing anything. There are different cultures and people living in one coun act and each of them have their own problems and drawbacks. Whereas in one province one woman can get married by giving a decouple to her husband and in the other society she is buried alive if she has her own opinion.This tribal system has bypast so worse that the people who live under it fear their death and therefore few try to lam and the ones who have money give that and get away with everything. Even if people try to escape these killings the villagers look for them and they kill them whenever and wherever they find them. Education is the key in all this that can put down the gap and dispar ity among the two societies and give everyone the freedom to live as an independent citizen. ohou Key course Honor killings in Pakistan Karo Kari and the tribal system Women empowerment